Chapter 3: Water and Life

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by ________.

• hydrogen bonds

• ionic bonds

• nonpolar covalent bonds

• polar covalent bonds

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-1

The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?

• a van der Waals interaction

• a hydrogen bond

• an ionic bond

• a covalent bond

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS2-6

The partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because ________.

• the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus

• one of the hydrogen atoms donates an electron to the oxygen atom

• the oxygen atom has two pairs of electrons in its valence shell that are not neutralized by hydrogen atoms

• the oxygen atom donates an electron to each of the hydrogen atoms

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Sulfur is in the same column of the periodic table as oxygen, but has electronegativity similar to carbon. Compared to water molecules, molecules of H2S will ________.

• have a higher capacity to absorb heat for the same change in temperature

• not form hydrogen bonds with each other

• have a greater tendency to form hydrogen bonds with each other

• have greater cohesion to other molecules of H2S

Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with ________.

• oils

• compounds that have polar covalent bonds

• oxygen gas (O2) molecules

• chloride ions

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-5

Cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion are the properties of water molecules that ________.

• are a result of hydrogen bonding

• are a result of polar covalent bonding

• increase when temperature increases

• increase when pH increases

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-5

Liquid water ________.

• is nonpolar

• has a heat of vaporization higher than that of most other substances

• is less dense than ice

• has a specific heat lower than that of most other substances

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Which of the following can be attributed to water's high specific heat?

• A) A lake heats up more slowly than the air around it.

• B) Oil and water do not mix well.

• C) Ice floats on water.

• D) Sugar dissolves in hot tea faster than in iced tea.

The cities of Portland, Oregon, and Minneapolis, Minnesota, are at about the same latitude, but Minneapolis has much hotter summers and much colder winters than Portland. Why?

• A) The ocean near Portland moderates the temperature.

• B) They are not at the same exact latitude.

• C) Fresh water is more likely to freeze than salt water.

• D) Minneapolis is much windier, due to its location in the middle of North America.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

To act as an effective coolant in a car's radiator, a substance has to have the capacity to absorb a great deal of heat. You have a reference book with tables listing the physical properties of many liquids. In choosing a coolant for your car, which table would you check first?

• A) density at room temperature

• B) pH

• C) heat of vaporization

• D) specific heat