What are the two fundamental abstraction facilities?

• Variable abstraction and Control abstraction

• Function abstraction and Procedure abstraction

• Data abstraction and Process abstraction

• Memory abstraction and Time abstraction

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of subprograms?

• Multiple entry points

• Control resumes to the caller after subprogram execution

• Suspended calling program unit during execution

• Multiple subprograms in execution simultaneously

What is the purpose of a subprogram definition?

• To describe the interface and actions of the subprogram abstraction

• To handle exceptions in the subprogram

• To allocate memory for the subprogram

• To execute the subprogram

Which parameter passing method involves transmitting an access path to the subprogram?

• Pass by value

• Pass by result

• Pass by reference

• Pass by name

What is the main advantage of using abstract data types?

• Increased complexity

• Reduced modifiability

• Improved reliability

• Enhanced visibility

In C++, what is the purpose of a destructor?

• To define the object's behavior

• To clean up after the object is destroyed

• To allocate memory for the object

• To initialize the object

Which language provides a second scoping mechanism called package scope?

• JavaScript

• C++

• Java

• Python

What is the purpose of a friend function or class in C++?

• To restrict access to private members

• To provide access to private members to unrelated units

• To create instances of a class

• To define the behavior of a class

What is the main advantage of using constructors in Java?

• To perform input/output operations

• To locate memory at run time

• To define the behavior of a class

• To execute repeatedly when objects are created

Which of the following is a characteristic of closures?

• They are executed repeatedly

• They have unlimited extent variables

• They do not maintain status between activations

• They are only called once