Classical Conditioning

A sudden loud noise is likely to elicit a(n) _______________ reaction, which is a reflexive defensive response to a sudden stimulus.

• reflex

• startle

• sensitization

• orienting

In a restaurant, the parents of a very noisy child hardly notice the commotion. This is an example of ______________. However, the customers at neighboring tables are becoming increasingly annoyed by the child. This is an example of ________________.

• habituation; sensitization

• dishabituation; desensitization

• sensitization; habituation

• unconditioned; conditioned

Fixed action patterns are sometimes called ____________________behaviors because they are often unique to a certain species.

• neutral

• innate

• releaser

• species-specific

When you opened the refrigerator one evening, the putrid smell of rotten eggs made you feel extremely nauseous. In classical conditioning terms, the putrid smell is a(n) ____________ stimulus that elicits a(n) _____________ response of nausea.

• conditioned; conditioned

• unconditioned; unconditioned

• unconditioned; conditioned

• conditioned; unconditioned

When you opened the refrigerator one evening, the putrid smell of rotten eggs made you feel extremely nauseous. The subsequent response of nausea to the sight of the refrigerator is an example of (aversive/appetitive) _________________________ conditioning as well as (excitatory/inhibitory) _______________ conditioning.

• aversive; excitatory

• appetitive; excitatory

• aversive; inhibitory

• appetitive; inhibitory

You fi nally habituate to the faint sound of a jackhammer half a block away, such that you cease to notice it. The lights in your house then flicker, at which point you again notice the sound of the jackhammer. This is an example of the process of _______________.

• sensitization

• dishabituation

• inhibitory

• flexion response

Dana always feels very relaxed when she takes her large dog for a walk, even though the neighborhood is relatively dangerous. This appears to be an example of _____________, with the dog functioning as an _______________ CS (abbreviated _______________).

• excitatory; excitatory; CS+

• inhibitory; inhibitory; CS–

Feeling a sting and then seeing the wasp on your arm is an example of a _________________ conditioning procedure, which in this case may be (effective/ineffective) _____________ because the CS is a ______________ for a fear response.

• backward; effective; biologically relevant stimulus

• trace; effective; biologically relevant stimulus

The most successful temporal arrangement for conditioning is delayed conditioning, in which the onset of the NS ____________ the onset of the US, and the two stimuli ______________.

• precedes; overlap

• follows; not overlap

For the residents of Berlin and London during World War II, an air-raid siren would have been a (CS+/CS–) _______ for anxiety, while the all-clear siren would have been a (CS+/CS–) ________ for anxiety.

• inhibitory conditioning (CS-) ; excitatory conditioning (CS+)

• excitatory conditioning (CS+) ; inhibitory conditioning (CS-)