MED/SURG Chapter 7-9

What is "inadequate tissue perfusion"? (Select all that apply.)

• Not enough oxygen being delivered to tissues

• Excessive blood flow to tissues

• Complete cessation of blood flow to tissues

• Shock

Describe the effect of inadequate tissue perfusion on the body. (Select all that apply.)

• Tissue hypoxia

• Cell death

• Increased oxygen delivery

• Enhances cell damage

• Hypoperfusion of vital organs

Identify the three mechanisms that are maintained by tissue perfusion and blood pressure. (Select all that apply.)

• An effective cardiac pump.

• metabolic regulation
• Adequate blood volume.

• Temperature regulation

• Effective blood vessels

What metabolic and hemodynamic changes occur in shock. (Select all that apply.)

• Parasympathetic nervous system is activated

• The heart beats faster and stronger to increase cardiac output.

• Epinephrine & norepinephrine are released from the adrenal medulla.

• Sympathetic nervous system is activated

• B/P increases

List major signs/symptoms of liver injury. (Select all that apply.)

• Elevated serum levels of ammonia

• Body is vulnerable to infection

• Elevated serum levels of bilirubin

• Elevated serum levels of liver enzymes

• Decreased production of plasma proteins can occur.

Identify the three grave conditions that may follow an episode of shock. (Select all that apply.)

• ARDS

• DIC

• ARCS

• MODS

• CSMs

What are the different types of shock? (Select all that apply.)

• Hypovolemic Shock
• Cardiogenic Shock
• Obstructive Shock
• Hypervolemic Shock

• Distributive Shock

State the hallmark characteristic which is exhibited in all forms of shock.

• Arrhythmias

• Tachycardia

• Hypotension

• Altered mental status

List clinical signs/symptoms of hypovolemic shock. (Select all that apply.)

• Tachycardia

• Cool, clammy skin

• Pale

• Tachypnea

• Restlessness

Identify the effects on the pulse and blood pressure that is seen at each of these losses of blood volume: <15%, 20-25%, and 40% or more. (Select all that apply.)

• At 15% tachycardia may be the only symptom.

• At 20%-25% tachypnea & mild hypotension is present.

• At 15% pallor may be the only symptom.

• At 20%-25% tachycardia & mild-to-moderate hypotension is present.

• At 40% or greater shock is present.