Chapter 10: Photosynthesis

In which of the following organisms did the process of photosynthesis most likely originate?

• in plants

• three separate times during evolution

• in fungi

• in prokaryotes

In autotrophic bacteria, where is chlorophyll located?

• in the nucleoid

• in infolded regions of the plasma membrane

• in chloroplast membranes

• in the cell wall

Under what conditions do photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in plants?

• Photosynthesis occurs only in the light, and cellular respiration occurs in both the dark and the light.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur only in the light.

• Photosynthesis occurs only in the light, and cellular respiration occurs only in the dark.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in both the dark and the light.

Use the following figure to answer the question. If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO2 containing heavy oxygen (18O), which of the following molecules produced by the algae (refer to the accompanying figure) will fail to contain 18O in later biochemical analyses?

• ADP

• glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)

• 3-phosphoglycerate

• ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)

The oxygen released by photosynthesis is produced by which of the following processes?

• chemiosmosis

• the electron transfer system of photosystem I

• splitting water molecules

• the electron transfer system of photosystem II

Which of the following statements correctly describes a distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

• Only heterotrophs require oxygen.

• Only heterotrophs have mitochondria.

• Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO₂ and other nutrients that are inorganic.

• Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs.

The figure shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different?

• Oxygen given off during photosynthesis interferes with the absorption of light.

• Aerobic bacteria take up oxygen, which changes the measurement of the rate of photosynthesis.

• Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a.

• Green and yellow wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths.

What wavelength of light in the figure is most effective in driving photosynthesis?

• 730 nm

• 625 nm

• 420 nm

• 575 nm

Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. What did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas?

• Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released.

• Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an increase in photosynthesis.

• Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue light.

• Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths.

Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. Which of the following statements describes a relationship that Engelmann's experiment helped to determine?

• the relationship between wavelength of light and the rate of aerobic respiration

• the relationship between carbon dioxide concentration and the rate of photosynthesis

• the relationship between wavelength of light and the amount of heat released

• the relationship between wavelength of light and the rate of photosynthesis