Gene to Protein

What is the process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself?

• Chromosome replication

• Genetic copying

• DNA duplication

• DNA replication

Answer explanation

DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself, ensuring genetic information is passed on accurately during cell division.

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

• DNA helicase

• Ligase

• RNA polymerase

• DNA polymerase

Answer explanation

DNA helicase is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication.

What is the first step in the process of transcription?

• Elongation

• Termination

• Initiation

• Proofreading

Answer explanation

The first step in the process of transcription is Initiation. During initiation, RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of the DNA and begins the process of transcribing the DNA into RNA.

Where does transcription take place in eukaryotic cells?

• endoplasmic reticulum

• nucleus

• cytoplasm

• mitochondria

Answer explanation

Transcription takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, where DNA is transcribed into RNA before being translated into proteins.

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

• mRNA decodes proteins into DNA

• mRNA transports proteins within the cell

• mRNA regulates gene expression

Answer explanation

mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

• tRNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome based on mRNA codons.

• tRNA helps in DNA replication

• tRNA acts as a catalyst in protein synthesis

• tRNA is responsible for cell division

Answer explanation

tRNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome based on mRNA codons.

How many nucleotides make up a codon in the genetic code?

• Four

• Three

• One

• Five

Answer explanation

Three nucleotides make up a codon in the genetic code, representing a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

What is the start codon in the genetic code?

• UAG

• UAA

• UGA

• AUG

Answer explanation

The start codon in the genetic code is 'AUG', which codes for the amino acid methionine and initiates protein synthesis.

What is the significance of the stop codon in protein synthesis?

• The stop codon initiates protein synthesis.

• The stop codon codes for a specific amino acid.

• The stop codon is only found in eukaryotic cells.

• The stop codon is essential for terminating protein synthesis.

Answer explanation

The stop codon is essential for terminating protein synthesis.

What is the term for a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to a different protein being produced?

• Variation

• Mutation

• Alteration

• Adjustment

Answer explanation

A mutation is the term for a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to a different protein being produced.