Proximity Measurements

What does proximity measure in the context of data analysis?

• a) The exact position of a data point in a dataset

• b) The relationship between two datasets

• c) The similarity or dissimilarity between two data points

• d) The size of a dataset

Which of the following is a distance measure?

• a) Cosine similarity

• b) Jaccard coefficient

• c) Euclidean distance

• d) Correlation coefficient

Which distance metric is calculated as the sum of absolute differences between corresponding components of two vectors?

• a) Euclidean Distance

• b) Manhattan Distance

• c) Minkowski Distance

• d) Mahalanobis Distance

In which type of data is the Simple Matching Coefficient (SMC) typically used?

• a) Continuous data

• b) Binary data

• c) Ordinal data

• d) Nominal data

Which of the following measures is used to find similarity between binary vectors with asymmetric attributes?

• a) Cosine Similarity

• b) Simple Matching Coefficient (SMC)

• c) Jaccard Coefficient

• d) Euclidean Distance

If two objects have a high similarity measure, what can be inferred?

• a) The objects are very different.

• b) The objects are very similar.

• c) The objects are uncorrelated.

• d) The objects are equidistant.

Which measure is described as the "L2 norm"?

• a) Manhattan Distance

• b) Euclidean Distance

• c) Minkowski Distance with r = 3

• d) Hamming Distance

What does a Mahalanobis distance of zero indicate between two points?

• a) The points are identical.

• b) The points are uncorrelated.

• c) The points are maximally distant.

• d) The points are randomly distributed.

Which distance measure considers the covariance of the data?

• a) Minkowski Distance

• b) Manhattan Distance

• c) Mahalanobis Distance

• d) Euclidean Distance

When comparing two binary vectors, the Jaccard coefficient focuses on:

• a) Matches of zeros and ones.

• b) Only the matches of ones.

• c) Differences between zeros.

• d) Differences between ones.