Vroom

A programmer believes that learning a new coding language will help them complete projects faster.

• Expectancy

• Valence

• Instrumentality

A student thinks that attending extra tutoring sessions will improve their math skills.

• Expectancy

• Valence

• Instrumentality

An athlete believes that following a strict training regimen will improve their performance.

• Expectancy

• Valence

• Instrumentality

A manager expects that providing clear instructions will result in higher-quality work from their team.

• Expectancy

• Valence

• Instrumentality

A sales representative believes that cold calling potential clients will lead to more sales.

• Expectancy

• Valence

• Instrumentality

A sales representative believes that cold calling potential clients will lead to more sales.

• Expectancy

• Valence

• Instrumentality

An employee believes that completing a certification program will lead to a promotion.

• Expectancy

• Valence

• Instrumentality

A student thinks that getting good grades will help them secure a scholarship.

• Expectancy

• Valence

• Instrumentality

An athlete believes that winning a championship will lead to sponsorship opportunities.

• Expectancy

• Valence

• Instrumentality

A teacher thinks that improving their teaching evaluations will result in a salary increase.

• Expectancy

• Valence

• Instrumentality