CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.ID.C.9

Determine if people who take vitamin C every day are less likely to get colds.

• Cencus

• Sample Survey

• Experiment

• Observational Study

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.ID.C.9

Which example shows CAUSATION? (Which one CAUSED the other to happen.)

• High social media usage and reduced grades.

• Car ran out of gas and being stranded on the side of the road.

• Recess time and number of friends.

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.ID.C.9

Which example shows CAUSATION? (Which one CAUSED the other to happen.)

• Being happy and being a better student.

• An insect ate poison and it died.

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.ID.C.9

Which example shows CORRELATION? (The events show correlation, but one thing does NOT cause the other thing to happen.)

• I put water in the freezer and now I have ice.

• The alarm clock went off and I woke up.

• Temperature and the amount of people at the beach.

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.ID.C.9

Which example shows a CORRELATION? (The events show correlation, but one thing does NOT cause the other thing to happen.)

• It rained and the ground is wet.

• Ice cream sales increase as temperature increases.

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.ID.C.9

The scatter plot shows the number coffee shops in different cities and the number of violent crimes. Which of the following is NOT true?

• A) As the number of coffee shops increase, violent crimes appears to increase.

• B) The line of best fit (regression line) shows a positive correlation

• C) The data has a positive correlation coefficient

• D) An increase in coffee shops causes an increase in violent crimes

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.ID.C.9

The scatter plot shows the number coffee shops in different cities and the number of violent crimes. Which of the following is NOT true?

• A) As the number of coffee shops increase, violent crimes appears to increase.

• B) The line of best fit (regression line) shows a positive correlation

• C) The data has a positive correlation coefficient

• D) An increase in coffee shops causes an increase in violent crimes

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.ID.C.9

Choose the best choice. (Hint: Causal Relationship means that one variable effects the other.)

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.ID.C.9

What is causation?

• The tendency for two variables to change together or in opposite ways

• A set of data with two variables

• When the change in one quantity causes the change in another

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.ID.C.9

Joe Mama wants to do an observational study comparing height and weight. He also does a study comparing weight and calories consumed daily. He concludes that the more calories you consume, the more you weigh. And people who weigh more are generally taller. Therefore, if you eat more, you will get taller. Why is this incorrect?

• Causation from one observational study cannot be extrapolated and applied to another

• Correlation does not indicate causation

• He is ignoring the lurking variable of age

• He did not have a control group

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.ID.C.9