New World Beginnings

Match the following Native American groups to their descriptions:

• Cherokee

• Lived as nomads in the Great Plains, tracking herds of buffalo across the region.

• Pueblo

• Lived in fortified, politically stable villages in the Northeastern Woodlands and relied on three-sister agriculture & hunting to support their community.

• Iroquois

• Lived in present-day New Mexico and Arizona and built permanent multi-story adobe dwellings.

• Sioux

• Lived along the Pacific Coast and built permanent villages with a stratified social structure.

• Chinook

• Expert farmers who lived in small market villages in present-day North Carolina, Tennessee, and Georgia; one of the Five Civilized Tribes.

Which of the following is true about Native American cultures prior to contact with Europeans?

• they experienced frequent epidemic diseases

• they had developed wheeled vehicles pulled by livestock

• they exchanged goods with African societies

• they adapted to the environment and formed unique cultures

Which of the following shows how Native Americans adapted to an transformed the environment in which they lived?

• the creation of large-scale irrigation works to promote the growing of maize
• the development of highly structured systems of social stratification
• the construction of monuments to nature-based deities
• the organization of self-governing confederacies among disparate tribes

The agricultural system employed by Native American tribes in the Northeast and Great Lakes regions that involved planting corn, beans, and squash together in a single plot.

• Three-Sister Farming

• Encomienda System

• Terrace Agriculture

• Plough Farming

American Indian cultures

• established a common written language
• established trade networks and communication over relatively large areas
• had peaceful relationship with each other that included voluntary emigration
• formed major alliances to combat attempts by Europeans to encroach on their lands

Which European nation was first to lay claim to the New World?

• Portugal

• Spain
• France
• England

Which of the following served as the initial motivation for Spanish exploration?

• desires to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism
• hopes of establishing permanent colonies for settlement
• the desire to beat out European rivals in the land grab for North America
• the need of new sources of wealth to support the growth of the nation

Which of the following best describes the impact European colonization had on the Western Hemisphere's native population?

• the native population was highly respected in terms of territorial possessions and religious beliefs

• the Europeans for the most part did not interact with the native population

• Spain was the only European country to successfully create an alliance with the native population

• Native populations were often killed off or driven away by the Europeans

European diseases that arrived in the New World were particularly deadly because

• little medical aid was available so far from European urban centers
• the European conquerors deliberately accelerated the spread of the most deadly strains
• the Native Americans had no natural resistance to these diseases
• the vast devastation of warfare with the Europeans left few to care for the sick

What was the Colombian Exchange?

• A global exchange of fur found in the New World

• A global exchange of gold, silver, and other precious metals.

• A global exchange of diseases, agriculture, and animals.

• A global exchange of slaves from South America to and from Africa