Which of the following describe important aspects of why emerging technologies are so capable and powerful? (Select two.)

A. They can automate very complex operations.

B. They may be able to self-improve by learning from data.

C. They are exciting and captivating to many people.

D. They can displace workers by performing their jobs more efficiently.

Management asks someone to do a data-related task. Which of the following would likely be ethically problematic? (Select two.)

C. Manipulate data or alter its interpretation.

B. Change data to another format.

Which of the following describe important aspects in the role of an ethical AI engineer? (Select two.)

C. Keeping up with the latest developments and vulnerabilities.

D. Cleaning and sorting data, and auditing for bias.

A. Building and maintaining computational hardware.

B. Writing new equations to express intelligence.

Which of the following, by itself, qualifies as personally identifiable information (PII)?

A. Temperature readings for an office building

B. A user's customer ID in an online ordering system

C. System events added to a log

Why are groups like race and religion considered protected classes?

A. These groups have been used as the basis for wholesale discrimination.

B. These groups can be used to personally identify someone.

C. People use these groups as the basis for their identities.

D. Organizations are legally not allowed to collect information about these groups.

Which of the following describes an opt-out policy in regards to the collection of private data?

D. Data about the user is automatically collected unless that user explicitly states that you should not do so.

A. Data about the user is always collected, regardless of the user's consent.

B. Data about that user isn't collected until that user explicitly states you are allowed to.

C. Data about the user is never collected, regardless of the user's consent.

Which of the following are key principles of privacy by design? (Select two.)

D. Organizations must be proactive in protecting against privacy risks, not reactive.

A. Organizations must incorporate privacy protections throughout the project lifecycle.

B. Organizations must keep the focus of privacy protections on the business rather than the user.

C. Organizations must not expose the operational practices and technologies used to protect user privacy.

What is the purpose of differential privacy?

B. To enable parties to share private data without revealing individuals represented in the data.

A. To only allow certain parties to access certain portions of the data.

C. To remove the direct identifiers that can be used to identify individuals.

D. To ensure the data is completely confidential and cannot be read by unauthorized parties.

Which of the following describes the concept of liability?

C. The legal responsibility for one's actions.

A. Answering for one's actions to an authority figure.

B. Taking ownership of an assigned task.

D. The moral duty one has to take action.

What does it mean to call a click-through agreement a "contract of adhesion"?

B. One party is forced into a "take-it-or-leave-it" situation.

A. Both parties are equally responsible for ensuring the agreement is adhered to.

C. One party is forced into using the service after agreeing.

D. Both parties are legally bound by the agreement.

Which of the following is a type of technology contract that establishes the goals of both parties and describes how those goals will be achieved?

B. Service-level agreement (SLA)

A. Software as a Service (SaaS)

D. End-user license agreement (EULA)

How does a smart contract differ from a traditional contract?

A. Smart contracts eliminate the need for a central authority.

B. Smart contracts guarantee that all parties are anonymous.

C. Smart contracts serve a different purpose than traditional contracts.

D. Smart contracts are more effective than traditional contracts

How can a visual contract be easier to understand than a written contract?

C. The use of pictures with simple text makes it easier for the layperson to understand the details of a contract.

A. The use of pictures is more accessible to all people, whereas a written contract may be difficult for someone with a reading disability to understand.

B. The use of pictures without any text makes it easier for most people to comprehend the details of a contract.

D. The use of pictures explains the contract in greater detail than a written contract, making it easier for anyone to understand the particulars.

D. Biases are learned from our families, our social groups, and the media.

A. Biases are caused by the opinions of our families.

B. Bias is biological, we are born with it

C. Bias is caused by the media.

What is the fundamental attribution error?

C. When you say your bad behavior is caused by the situation, but when other people display the same bad behavior, it is caused by a personality trait.

A. When you believe your chances of experiencing something negative are lower and your chances of experiencing something positive are higher than others.

B. When you believe your ideas are normal and that the majority of people agree with you.

D. When you incorrectly assume a cause and effect relationship for two correlated variables.

Which of the following are actions that can help combat implicit bias? (Select three.)

A. Interacting with diverse groups of people.

C. Cultivating awareness of your own biases

D. Exposing yourself to "counter-stereotypical" examples.

B. Surrounding yourself with others who have similar experiences.

E. Obtaining your information from the same one or two media sources that your family and friends access.

Are criminal justice risk assessments race-neutral?

A. No, the data is biased as it reflects historical bias.

B. Yes, technology in itself is not racist.

C. Yes, algorithms replace human judgement and they are unbiased.

D. No, it is designed with intention to be unfair.

How can confirmation bias impact us socially? (Select two.)

B. It can impede socio-political cooperation.

D. It can lead to groupthink, which can in turn halt forward progress.

A. It can prevent us from being social with other people.

C. It can lead to a diverse set of friends.

Which of the following describes an illusory-correlation bias?

A. When you incorrectly assume a correlation because there is an illusory confounding variable.

B. When you correlate variables that do not exist in your data set.

C. When you correlate a variable with a confounding variable

D. When you incorrectly assume a cause and effect relationship because two variables are correlated.

Which of the following is one explanation for why cognitive biases exist?

B. We receive too much information and are overloaded.

A. We use them to help remember things.

C. They are taught to us in school.

D. They help us think logically instead of emotionally.

Which of the following statements are promoted by the categorical imperative? (Select three.)

A. Act in such a way that your actions may become a universal law.

C. Each person must use reason to will moral laws.

D. Don't treat people as a means to an end; treat them always as an end.

B. You have a moral duty to choose your actions based on their potential outcomes.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the philosophical concept of predeterminism?

A. All events, past, present, and future, are determined in advance.

B. All future events are determined by preceding events, as in a chain, but human beings may still be able to interfere with this chain of events.

C. Human beings are able to make choices whose outcomes are not already determined.

D. All events are predestined to happen by a supernatural force.

How do norms differ from morals?

A. Morals involve value judgments; norms do not.

B. Norms are universal to all cultures; morals are not.

C. Norms form the basis for morals.

D. Morals are collective; norms are more personal.

Which of the following are consequences of saying that someone or something has moral agency? (Select two.)

A. The moral agent is capable of determining right and wrong.

B. The moral agent can be held responsible for their actions

C. The moral agent acts in a morally correct manner.

D. The moral agent follows a deontological code of ethics.

Why is deciding how to act using moral reasoning not always a feasible goal for human beings?

D. Human decision making is often influenced by emotion and not logic.

A. Most people are not educated on normative ethical theories and therefore cannot perform true moral reasoning.

B. Moral reasoning is too complicated to apply to a real-world situation.

C. Moral reasoning has few tangible benefits for most people.

Which of the following statements are true regarding the purpose of moral psychology? (Select two.)

A. Moral psychology seeks to understand why people act morally or immorally.

B. Moral psychology seeks to understand how the human mind develops morality.

C. Moral psychology seeks to understand the nature of what it means to be moral.

D. Moral psychology seeks to understand what the best way to act morally is

What does it mean to say that human rights are inalienable? (Select two.)

A. Inalienable rights are inherent in all human beings.

B. Inalienable rights cannot be taken away except in extreme circumstances.

C. Inalienable rights are conditional.

D. Inalienable rights are derived from tradition.

What does "ethics by design" mean?

B. An approach in which ethics is considered from the initial design stage.

A. A creative design approach as the focus for ethics.

C. A reference to one of the tenets of engineering activism.

D. A reference to the framework set forth by IEEE's Ethically Aligned Design.

Which of the following describes why explainability is important?

B. It provides accountability and trust.

A. It is necessary so that internal stakeholders can understand how a system works.

C. It provides interpretations of a system's actions.

D. It enables you to explain a system for shareholder purposes.

Which of the following describes personhood?

A. Personhood is often used to dictate how something is treated.

C. Personhood is the legal protection provided to AI systems.

E. It will build customer trust.

B. Personhood is a concept that applies to narrow AI.

D. Personhood is an individual's right to freedom.

Which of the following best describes beneficence?

D. Beneficence is the promotion of well-being, not just for moral agents like humans, but of animals, the environment, and societies.

A. Beneficence is a term coined by IBM that relates to their Green Horizons initiative in 2014.

B. Beneficence is the promotion of efficient systems that perform rapidly and benefit companies.

C. Beneficence is the promotion of well-being for moral agents like humans.

What is the difference between beneficence and non-maleficence?

A. Beneficence refers to "do only good" and non-maleficence refers to "do no harm."

B. Non-maleficence refers only to malevolent artificial general intelligence (AGI), while beneficence can refer to any "good" emerging technology.

C. Beneficence is a less important goal for the field of AI than non-maleficence.

D. Beneficence and non-maleficence are quite similar and often interchangeable.

Which of the following are valid concerns regarding electronic personalities? (Select two.)

A. That they would create unfair advantages, as not everyone has access to the same rights.

D. That they would absolve manufacturers of liability.

B. That individuals would start applying for electronic personalities.

C. That they will make it more difficult to access information.

Which of the following are ways to participate in engineering activism? (Select two.)

B. Perform all tasks required of you.

How can AI uphold justice?

B. AI systems can be designed from the start to help promote fairness and minimize bias.

A. The more AI-based products being used in the justice system, the more justice can be upheld.

C. AI systems can replace human judges, who are often biased.

D. AI can automate many of the clerical tasks involved in the justice system.

Which of the following are examples of how AI can limit human autonomy? (Select two.)

A. Weapon systems can limit human autonomy as humans may not have decision-making capability or understand the decision making.

B. AI systems might impact certain vulnerable groups such as the elderly and children differently than the rest of the population, which could limit those groups' autonomy.

C. AI systems can assist individuals with automated, repetitive, or dangerous tasks.

D. AI systems can perform tasks that humans cannot, such as processing millions of data records in a matter of seconds.

ITE302c_PART1

Authored by Phạm Ngân

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following defines the AI black box problem?

A. A dangerous machine intelligence put in a digital prison

C. The challenge of understanding the inner workings of opaque systems

D. Not being able to know how something crashed or failed

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following elements are important aspects of ethical integrity with regards to data? (Select two.)

A. If the holders of data are trustworthy entities.

B. If the data is commercially viable or monetarily valuable.

C. Whether the data was gathered in an ethical manner.

D. What type of data (audio, visual, etc.) is being collected and/or utilized.

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following best describes why data is sometimes compared to oil? (Select two.)

A. Data can be monetarily valuable.

B. Data can damage the environment.

C. Data can be easily monopolized.

D. Data can fuel algorithmic technologies.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

At what point should ethical consideration ideally be applied to emerging technologies?

A. Upon delivery, with appropriate warranties where necessary.

B. During periodic reviews, with ongoing customer feedback solicited.

C. From its inception, through maintenance, to applying foresight regarding its decommissioning.

D. Once an ethical issue has received negative feedback in public media.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following describes dual-use or multipurpose data?

A. Data that can be easily shared with a partner or family member for mutual enjoyment.

B. Data that can be used in multiple devices or formats, such as a video on a Smart TV, tablet, and computer.

C. Data collected for one application that could also be applied to another application in a different domain.

D. Data that can be transformed into multiple forms, e.g. extracting audio from a video file

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following are important ethical elements to safeguard within ethical AI systems? (Select two.)

A. Accountability and management of bias.

B. Transparency and explainability, balanced with privacy.

C. The number of layers, tensors, or parameters used in a model.

D. Performance and optimization.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following is the generally agreed upon current state of the art of AI?

A. Superintelligence

B. Narrow AI

C. Strong AI

D. Perceptrons

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