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What does the image represent?

• Gene flow
• Gene drift
• Mutation
• Adaptation

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Why did the number of white peppered moths decrease so much by 1895?

• they did not blend in with the trees and birds ate them

• they tasted better to the birds than the black moths

• they were easier to reach on the trees

• white moths flew away to find better trees to blend in with

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Why did dark moths have a survival advantage when they were near factories?

• They could hide in the birds shadow.

• They could push the white moths into the flames.

• They did not have a survival advantage.

• They blended in with the dark tree trunks.

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Males of the bighorn sheep species fight one another to show females who is the dominant male and are more likely to mate with females.

• Natural Selection

• Mutation

• Genetic Drift

• Non-Random Mating

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Natural Selection states that...

• Genetic mutation is random

• Organisms will change to adapt to their environment

• The best adapted organisms will live longer and reproduce more than others

• Organisms are naturally selected by God to reproduce

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Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?

• Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.

• Because they come from dominant alleles.

• Because they come from recessive alleles.

• Because the organism knew it needed that trait, survives, and passes it on.

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Where do adaptations come from?

• The individual organism decides to adapt

• Mutations that give an organism an advantage in its environment

• Genetic recombination during meiosis

• Both mutations and genetic recombination are sources of adaptation

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The Asian shore crab invaded parts of the eastern coast of the United States about 15 years ago. The Asian shore crab preys on blue mussels. In the time since the Asian shore crab arrived, the average shell thickness of the blue mussel population has increased. Which of the following is the most likely reason that this increase in shell thickness has occurred? 

• Blue mussels with thick shells attract more crabs that mussels without thick shells.
• Blue mussels with thick shells grow in larger colonies than mussels without thick shells.
• Blue mussels with thick shells catch more food per day than mussels without thick shells.
• Blue mussels with thick shells survive and reproduce more successfully than mussels without thick shells.

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The DEFENSES of 2 flightless birds that live in different habitats are shown. How do the wings of the Gentoo penguin and the legs of the ostrich provide an advantage in their habitat?

• Allows them to find prey

• Allows them to escape from predators

• Allows them to control body temperature

• Allows them to be camouflaged in their environments

Answer explanation

You can narrow down the answer choices to either "finding prey" or "escaping predators." Note that the question says the birds need DEFENSES and are FLIGHTLESS. Defenses are used to escape predators, not to hunt.

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What is an example of natural selection?

• tortoise population that eats tall cacti develops longer necks over time

• a dog breed becomes smaller because of human demand

• a white moth is predated on a dark tree

• a population of trees is killed by a large flood

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