Biology PM1

How does Mendel's law of independent assortment affect traits on different chromosomes?

• All traits are sorted independently during mitosis.

• Traits can be inherited from either the mother or the father.

• Traits on different chromosomes are sorted independently during meiosis.

• Two different traits tend to follow the same pattern of inheritance from generation to generation.

What is a way in which recombinant DNA technology is helping human health?

• It is creating new molecular diseases.

• It is finding molecular causes of diseases.

• Is it deteriorating human growth hormones.

• It is reducing protein production, such as insulin.

A chewing insect damages the vascular tissue of a plant stem. What affect does this damage have on the plant?

• conduction of water and minerals between the roots and leaves

• diffusion of oxygen between root epidermal cells

• excretion of carbon dioxide by root cells

• synthesis of plant hormones in the roots

What are the first steps of DNA replication?

• Complementary nucleotides are added, DNA strands separate, DNA unwinds

• Complementary nucleotides are added, DNA unwinds, DNA strands separates

• DNA strands separate, complementary nucleotides are added, DNA unwinds

• DNA unwinds, DNA strands separate, complementary nucleotides are added

Enzymes, comprised of proteins, are an important component of the cell environment. Each enzyme is specific to a particular reaction or group of similar reactions. How do enzymes contribute to chemical reactions in a cell?

• They change into products so a smaller amount of the reactants are needed.

• They change into reactants so a smaller amount of the reactants are needed.

• They decrease the amount of activation energy required to make the reaction occur.

• They increase the amount of activation energy required to make the reaction occur.

The table below summarizes the number of differences in amino acids between humans and four other species.

• Species 1 is most closely related to humans.

• Species 2 is most closely related to humans.

• Species 3 is most closely related to humans.

• Species 4 is most closely related to humans.

It has been observed that bats, horses, and humans have nearly the same amino acid sequence for hemoglobin. Which of the following ideas is supported by this observation?

• All species can obtain nucleotides from their environments.

• All species have the ability to change structures as they adapt to their environments.

• Genetic mutations can lead to abrupt changes and create new species.

• Specific components of the genetic code are common to all species.

During the winter you become sick with the flu. Shortly after that, you become sick with strep throat. Will the same type of B-cells that fought the pathogen that caused the flu fight the pathogen that causes strep throat?

• Yes. Every B-cell is capable of fighting every pathogen with which it comes in contact.

• Yes. B-cells recognize similar antigens such as bacterial and viral pathogens.

• No. B-cells fight viruses while T-cells fight bacteria.

• No. Each B-cell is capable of recognizing one specific antigen.

In science a theory is an explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning. One important theory in biology is the cell theory. What kinds of observations led to the development of the cell theory?

• discoveries of fossil bacteria

• isolations of DNA and RNA

• microscopic views of plants and animals

• testing for AIDS virus

What type of microscope would you use to view a sample of live microorganisms in pond water?

• Compound Light Microscope

• Scanning Electron Microscope

• Scanning Tunneling Microscope

• Transmission Electron Microscope