Virginia Minerals and rocks

All minerals are formed by ​ (a)   processes,

​ (b)   solids

elements or compounds with a chemical composition ​ (c)   to that mineral

Crystal structures; that is the atoms in minerals are arranged in a a pattern that is repeated ​ (d)   .

• natural
• inorganic
• unique
• over and over again

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Minerals are arranged

• various types of patterns

• patterns that repeat over and over again

Minerals are formed out of molten earth material or ​ (a)   , or when water containing dissolved ions ​ (b)   .

i.e. halite ( ​ (c)   ) from evaporating sea water

Minerals can be changed into different minerals by ​ (d)   , or the chemical action of ​ (e)   .

• magma
• evaporates
• heat, pressure
• water
• salt

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

The thick, hot, semi-liquid or liquid rock that forms when other rocks melt deep within the Earth is called

• magma

• evaporate

• liquid

• lava

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Minerals are classified according to ​ (a)  

Classes are:

​ (b)   (formed mostly from silicon and oxygen)

​ (c)   (formed from shells and skeletons of marine organisms)

• composition
• Silicates
• Carbonates

Match the following

• Luster

• how light is reflected

• Color

• how easily a mineral can be scratched

• Hardeness

• most obvious but least reliable way of identifying minerals

• Moh's scale

• hardeness scale of 1 softest and 10 being the hardest

The two main ways that geologist categorize a mineral's luster is ​ (a)   .

Metallic looks like metal ( they may or may not be ​ (b)   ).

​ (c)   minerals vary greatly in their appearance and are usually described as shiny, pearly, waxy, glassy, etc...

• metallic or non-metallic
• shiny
• non-metallic

​ (a)   is the color of the mineral when it is broken up into ​ (b)   .

Streak is a test used by a geologist to see the color of the mineral ​ (c)   or coating on the mineral.

The mineral is rubbed on a "​ (d)   ", which is a piece of porcelain. Some of the mineral is broken off and ground into powder.

• Streak
• powder
• under the top layer
• streak plate

Match the following

• Powder

• used to test the color under the top layer of the mineral

• Metallic

• this is what forms when the mineral is rubbed on a streak plate

• non-metallic

• how light is reflected

• Streak plate

• minerals that are pearly, waxy glassy

• Luster

• Mineral that looks like metal

​ (a)   refer to the way he mineral breaks.

Some minerals have a tendency to split or crack along ​ (b)   .

These planes along which the mineral breaks are called ​ (c)   .

If the mineral splits easily along these planes the mineral is then said to have​ (d)   .

• Cleavage and fracture
• parallel or flat planes
• cleavage planes
• perfect cleavage