What was the nature of production before the 18th-century Industrial Revolution?

• Centralized in large factories

• Decentralized, taking place in homes and small workshops

• Automated with advanced machinery

• Focused on mass production

What significant change in production occurred in the early 20th century?

• Introduction of mass production

• Advent of Scientific Management

• Decentralization of production

• Automation of factories

By the mid-20th century, what had operations embraced?

• Decentralized production

• Scientific Management

• Mass production and factory culture

• Automated production lines

What does the contemporary definition of "operations" encompass?

• Only manufacturing processes

• All activities involved in creating goods and services for customers

• Only scientific management techniques

• Only mass production techniques

When did the first industrial revolution occur?

• 17th century in France

• 18th century in Britain

• Early 1900s in the United States

• 20th century in Germany

What characterizes the current technological revolution?

• Advancements in agriculture

• Advancements in software, robotics, and other cutting-edge innovations

• Advancements in transportation

• Advancements in education

What marks the current phase of transformational elements?

• Heavy reliance on manual labor

• Heavy reliance on technology

• Heavy reliance on natural resources

• Heavy reliance on traditional methods

What is at the forefront of the ongoing operational paradigm shift?

• Emphasis on manual labor

• Emphasis on traditional methods

• Emphasis on automation and technology-driven processes

• Emphasis on natural resources

In how many ways does production give products or services value?

• Two

• Three

• Four

• Five

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways production gives products or services value?

• Making them available at the right time

• Making them available in the right place

• Transferring ownership

• Reducing production costs