Operating System - Process Management

What is a process in an operating system?

• An instance of a program being executed

• A type of computer hardware

• A network connection between devices

• A file stored on the hard drive

Explain the difference between process and program.

• A program is a single task, while a process can handle multiple tasks simultaneously.

• A program is a hardware component, while a process is a software component.

• A program is a set of instructions stored on disk, while a process is an instance of a program currently running in memory.

• A program is executed by the operating system, while a process is executed by the user.

What is process scheduling and why is it important?

• Process scheduling is important for efficient CPU utilization, fairness, and responsiveness in a multi-tasking environment.

• Process scheduling is primarily focused on reducing memory usage.

• Process scheduling has no impact on CPU utilization.

• Process scheduling is only important for single-tasking environments.

Describe the process states in process management.

• New, Ready, Running, Waiting, Terminated

• Completed

• Active

• Initial

• Error

What is a PCB (Process Control Block) and what information does it contain?

• A PCB (Process Control Block) contains information about a specific process such as process state, program counter, CPU registers, CPU scheduling information, memory management information, and I/O status.

• A PCB contains information about network protocols used by the process

• A PCB contains information about the weather conditions during the process execution

• A PCB contains information about the user's personal data

What is context switching and why is it necessary?

• Context switching is a feature that slows down the overall performance of a system.

• Context switching is only necessary for single-threaded applications.

• Context switching is the process of permanently terminating a process or thread.

• Context switching is the process of storing and restoring the state of a process or thread so that execution can be resumed from the same point at a later time. It is necessary to allow multiple processes or threads to share a single CPU efficiently by switching between them.

Explain the concept of process synchronization.

• Process synchronization is essential to prevent issues like race conditions and deadlocks.

• Process synchronization is primarily used for debugging purposes.

• Process synchronization is only needed for single-threaded applications.

• Process synchronization does not impact the performance of the system.

What are the different process scheduling algorithms?

• FCFS, SJN, Priority Scheduling, Round Robin, Multilevel Queue Scheduling, Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling

• First Come First Serve

• LIFO

• Shortest Job First

What is a deadlock in process management?

• A deadlock is a situation where processes are waiting for user input

• A deadlock is a situation where processes are running concurrently

• A deadlock occurs when a process is terminated unexpectedly

• A deadlock in process management is a situation where two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release a resource.

How does a process communicate with other processes in an operating system?

• User interface interactions

• Inter-process communication mechanisms

• Intra-process communication mechanisms

• Kernel communication protocols