Lesson 1: Theories on Origin of the Universe and Solar System

What is called the creator who

created the universe?

• Georges Lamaître

• Supreme Being

• Fred Hoyle

• The sun

Draw the process of encounter (one of the three theories about the origin of the solar system)

Answer explanation

The Encounter Theory proposed by Georges Leclerc and Comte de Buffon explains that the solar system formed as a result of a near collision between a passing star and the Sun, wherein the materials of both the Sun and the star were drawn out.

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Who proposed the Steady-State theory?

• Fred Hoyle, Edwin Hubble, Georges Lemaitre

• Hemann Bondi, Thomas Gold, Fred Hoyle

• Roger Penrose, Alan Guth, Alexander Friedmann

• Thomas Gold, Fred Hoyle, Hermann Bondi

Answer explanation

Thomas Gold was born in Vienna in 1920. His father was Jewish, and so his family fled to England in the 1930s to escape Hitler’s rise to power. Gold then went on to be imprisoned along with other Austrians and Germans in England's fear of Nazis in 1940. He then went on to meet Fred Hoyle, and after being released in 1941, worked together with Hermann Bondi in 1942.

The most widely accepted scientific theory as of today.

• The Big Bang theory

• The Steady-State theory

• The Divine Creation

• The Creation theory

Answer explanation

Why Steady-state and the Creation theories were not widely considered:

• - The steady-state theory has fallen out of favour because of its (1) inconsistency with ots descriptions of CMB and (2) cannot explain the evolution in the appearance of our universe with time.

• - Scientists reject creationism "because there's no evidence for it"; the Three Failures of Creationism: Logic, Rhetoric, and Science. -W.M Fitch

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Who coined the term "big bang"?

Answer explanation

“the hypothesis that all the matter in the universe was created in one big bang at a particular time in the remote past” - F. Hoyle

The term 'big bang' was coined by astronomer Fred Hoyle, one of the proponents of the steady-state theory, during a BBC radio broadcast in April 1949.

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Who first proposed the theory of the expansion of the universe in the 1920s?

• Aristotle

• Georges Lemaitre

• Immanuel Kant

• Robert Wilson

Answer explanation

Georges Lemaitre (1894-1966) was a Belgian priest and cosmologist, the father of the Big Bang. The Big Bang theory, is the expansion of the observable universe that began with a single particle (singularity) at a definite point in time.

A steady-state universe has no _ or _.

• beginning, middle
• middle, start
• beginning, end
• infinite, finite

Which theory states that the universe is always expanding but maintaining a constant average density?

• Big Bang Theory
• Steady State Theory
• Stagnant Universe Theory
• Contracting Universe Theory

Who worked on the big bang model, big bang nucleosynthesis, and predicted the CMB radiation?

• Thomas Gold

• René Descartes

• Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson

• Ralph Asher Alpher

Answer explanation

The American cosmologist and physicist Ralph Alpher supported the concept of the Big Bang through his pioneering calculations in the 1950s.

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis refers to the era in the early universe when nucleons combined to form light nuclei, such as deuterium, helium, and lithium, as the primordial plasma cooled down.

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