Unit 2: Cell Structure & Function Review

Mattias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann studied plant and animal cells under a microscope. Together these men concluded that plants and animals are made up of cells. Which scientist furthered their study to complete our modern cell theory?

• Robert Hooke, who first observed cells and gave them their name

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek, who observed living cells in a drop of pond water

• Rudolf Virchow, who introduced the idea that all cells are created from other preexisting cells

• Ernst Ruska, who designed and built the first electron microscope

The diagram of the cell below is most likely which type of cell?

• bacteria

• plant

• animal

• fungus

Which two of the following are major structural components of the cell membrane?

• cellulose

• nucleic acids

• phospholipids

• proteins

• starch

Which image below shows a plant cell?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Which of the following is an example of a prokaryote?

• the green algae Volvox

• the bacterium E. coli

• the pine pollen grain Pinus

• the roundworm C. elegans

Study the diagram of a plant cell below. The organelle marked by the arrow is responsible for cellular energy. Identify this organelle:

• mitochondrion

• Golgi apparatus

• endoplasmic reticulum

• nucleus

What is the main function of a cell wall?

• to support and protect the cell

• to make and store DNA

• to direct the activities of the cell

• to help the cell move

Viruses are typically much smaller than cells of bacteria, but viruses and bacteria share several characteristics. Identify three characteristics below that are common to both viruses and bacteria.

• contain genetic material

• change over time through genetic mutations

• undergo stages of growth and development

Identify three characteristics shared by plant, animal, and fungal cells.

• eukaryotic

• ribosomes

• mitochondria

Coded instructions from the nucleus are used by which organelle to make proteins?

• Golgi apparatus

• endoplasmic reticulum

• vacuole

• ribosome