Acid-Base Theories 12th

What is the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases?

• Acids produce H+ ions in water, and bases produce OH- ions in water.

• Acids produce H+ ions in water, and bases produce O2- ions in water.

• Acids produce OH- ions in water, and bases produce O2- ions in water.

• Acids produce OH- ions in water, and bases produce H+ ions in water.

Explain the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases.

• Acids accept protons, and bases donate protons in the Bronsted-Lowry theory.

• Acids and bases do not interact with protons in the Bronsted-Lowry theory.

• Acids donate protons, and bases accept protons in the Bronsted-Lowry theory.

• Bronsted-Lowry theory focuses on the interaction of acids and bases with electrons, not protons.

Describe the Lewis theory of acids and bases.

• The Lewis theory of acids and bases is based on the pH scale.

• The Lewis theory of acids and bases involves the transfer of electrons.

• The Lewis theory of acids and bases focuses on protons.

• The Lewis theory of acids and bases focuses on electron pairs.

What are the characteristics of acids according to the Arrhenius theory?

• Acids turn red litmus paper blue

• Acids are substances that produce hydroxide ions in water

• Acids are sweet in taste

• Acids are substances that dissociate in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+), are sour in taste, turn blue litmus paper red, and have a pH less than 7.

How do Bronsted-Lowry acids donate protons?

• By releasing hydrogen ions (H+)

• By neutralizing hydrogen ions (H+)

• By producing hydrogen ions (H+)

• By absorbing hydrogen ions (H+)

Provide an example of a Lewis acid.

• sulfuric acid

• boron trifluoride (BF3)

• hydrochloric acid

• nitric acid

Differentiate between a strong acid and a weak acid.

• Strong acids are solid, weak acids are liquid.

• Strong acids have a pH of 10, weak acids have a pH of 5.

• Strong acids are blue, weak acids are red.

• Strong acids fully dissociate, weak acids partially dissociate.

What is the conjugate base of HCl?

• Cl-

• Na+

• OH-

• H+

Explain the concept of amphoteric substances.

• Amphoteric substances can only act as acids

• Amphoteric substances are always neutral in nature

• Amphoteric substances react with only one type of chemical compound

• Amphoteric substances are chemical compounds that can act as both acids and bases depending on the reaction conditions.

How do you calculate the pH of a solution?

• pH = -log[H+]

• pH = log[H+]

• pH = [OH-]

• pH = 1/H+