8th Grade Social Studies Unit 2 Chapter 1 Test

Use the graph to answer the question

What was one consequence of the data shown in the chart?

• growth in the number of skilled workers in the United States

• persistence of nativism and anti-immigrant prejudice and violence

• legal segregation of cities according to people’s ethnic and religious affiliations

• increase in the number and type of social services provided by the government

What were the challenges of living in these types of buildings?

Select the two correct answers.

• They had little fresh air or sunlight.

• They lacked sufficient plumbing.

• They were expensive to build.

• They were made of bricks.

• They caused air pollution.

How did the changes shown in the maps contribute to industrialization?

Select the two correct answers.

• They opened new markets.

• They encouraged local lines.

• They decreased competition.

• They conserved Native lands.

• They made transportation faster.

Why did businesses use the practice shown on the left side of the diagram?

• to raise hourly wages.

• to control an entire industry

• to avoid paying federal taxes

• to own all levels of production

What tasks did workers like these do in factories?

• adding laces to finished shoes

• fixing broken thread on machines

• picking small bits of coal from piles

• sewing buttons onto shirts and pants

What was one outcome of this event?

• Unions held peaceful protests against police violence.

• Unions used lockouts to negotiate for shorter workweeks

• Employers hired detectives to spy on labor union activities.

• Employers claimed the labor movement was full of radicals.

This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of wealth: To set an example of modest, unostentatious living . . . ; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and, after doing so, to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which is called upon to administer, and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community.

Based on this excerpt, which term would the author use to describe himself?

• industrialist

• entrepreneur

• robber baron

• philanthropist

Which detail belongs in the Cornelius Vanderbilt column?

• made water travel faster and cheaper

• offered rail service from New York to Chicago

• arranged numerous mergers between corporations

• kept costs low by owning mines and mills in Pennsylvania

Which detail belongs in the John D. Rockefeller column?

• owned about 90 percent of the oil refineries in the United States

• established one of the most influential banks in the United States

• provided necessary capital to grow fledgling industries

• built an empire by selling hair care products

Why is Madam C. J. Walker significant?

• She organized a labor union for garment workers.

• She started a successful business producing clothing.

• She was a role model for self-made women entrepreneurs.

• She donated hundreds of millions of dollars to build libraries.