heredity and genetics part 3

What is characterized by out-of-control cell division?

• Cancer

• Proofreading

• Senescence

• Apoptosis

Which process happens to cells that are no longer needed in an organism, such as the webbing between the toes of embryos?

• Senescence

• Cancer

• Apoptosis 

• DNA repair

During replication a DNA base mismatch occurs and is quickly repaired as the replication process continues.

What has enabled this repair to take place?

• DNA polymerase proofreading

• mRNA

• Senescence

• Replication factors

A cell no longer grows and divides but is metabolically active.

What is the state of the cell?

• It has become senescent.

• It has started apoptosis.

• It has become cancerous.

• It has started mitosis.

In a large isolated population, all people either have A blood, B blood, or AB blood. There is no one with O blood. Twenty-five percent of the population has A blood. 

What percentage of the population has AB blood?

• 75%

• 50%

• 25%

• 0%

In a population of pigs, white coat color is recessive to black coat color. Thirty-six percent of the population has a white coat.  

What is the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in the population?

• 0.16

• 0.36

• 0.4

• 0.6

Rabbit ears can be floppy or short. Short ears are dominant over floppy ears. Forty-nine percent of the rabbits in the population have floppy ears. 

What is the frequency of the short ear allele in the population? 

• 0.09

• 0.3

• 0.49

• 0.7

Being homozygous recessive for a certain trait is lethal at birth, but being heterozygous for this trait has benefits in adulthood.

Which population genetics principle accounts for the recessive allele persisting in the population’s gene pool?

• Natural selection

• The founder effect

• Genetic drift

• Speciation

A population subdivides into two groups of roughly equal size, and the members of each group stop mating with the members of the other group.

Which term describes a possible long-term result of the separation of these groups?

• Speciation

• The founder effect

• Natural selection

• Genetic drift

In a forest of light-barked trees, about 2/3 of peppered moths are primarily light in color, while 1/3 of the moths are primarily dark. When soot from nearby factories significantly darkens the trees over time, the moth population changes to about 2/3 dark moths and 1/3 light moths.

Which concept is described in this scenario?

• Natural selection 

• The founder effect

• Genetic drift

• Speciation