Research Methodology Quiz

What are demand characteristics?

• External factors that influence the dependent variable.

• The internal validity of an experiment.

• The observable behavior in a natural setting.

• Cues in an experiment that may influence participants' behavior by revealing the study's purpose.

What is operationalization in research?

• The process of randomizing participants in a study.

• The process of defining variables in measurable terms for an experiment.

• The analysis of data using statistical tools.

• The prediction made before starting an experiment.

What does the null hypothesis propose?

• A significant relationship exists between variables.

• The dependent variable is independent.

• No significant effect or relationship exists between variables.

• The variables are correlated but not causally linked.

What defines a true experiment?

• An experiment without a control group.

• A study where all participants receive the treatment.

• An experiment with random assignment, manipulation of an independent variable, and control of confounding variables.

• A study conducted outside the laboratory.

What is a correlation?

• A measure of the cause-effect relationship between two variables.

• A measure of the relationship between two variables, indicating how they move together.

• A comparison between experimental and control groups.

• The prediction of outcomes based on past data.

What is a confounding variable?

• A variable that the experimenter directly manipulates.

• The main outcome measured in an experiment.

• An external factor that might distort the observed relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

• A factor that strengthens the relationship between variables.

What does double blind refer to in research?

• A study where participants know which group they are in.

• A study where neither participants nor experimenters know who receives the treatment.

• A study where only the experimenter knows who receives the treatment.

• A study without a control group.

What is a single-blind study?

• A study where both participants and experimenters are unaware of group assignments.

• A study where participants know their group assignment but are blind to the experiment’s purpose.

• A study where only participants are unaware of whether they receive the treatment or are in the control group.

• A study where the experimenter is unaware of which participants are receiving treatment.

What is a matched pairs design?

• A design where participants are randomly assigned to groups.

• An experimental design where participants are paired based on similarities, with one in each pair placed in different groups.

• A study where all participants are treated the same way.

• A method for ensuring that participants do not know the study's purpose.

What is the independent variable in an experiment?

• The variable that is measured to assess an effect.

• The variable that is manipulated by the experimenter to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

• The outcome variable that changes based on the experimental conditions.

• The external factor that could influence the experiment’s results.