Exploring Alkanes: Structure and Nomenclature

What is the general formula for alkanes?

• CnH2n

• C(n-1)H(2n+1)

• CnH2n-2

• CnH(2n+2)

Describe the structure of a straight-chain alkane.

• A straight-chain alkane has a linear structure with carbon atoms connected by single bonds, following the formula CnH2n+2.

• A straight-chain alkane follows the formula CnH2n and has a circular structure.

• A straight-chain alkane consists of carbon atoms connected by triple bonds in a zigzag pattern.

• A straight-chain alkane has a branched structure with carbon atoms connected by double bonds.

What type of bonding is present in alkanes?

• Metallic bonding

• Ionic bonding

• Hydrogen bonding

• Covalent bonding

How do you determine the longest carbon chain in a molecule?

• Count all atoms in the molecule including non-carbon atoms.

• Select the carbon atoms based on their bond types.

• Identify and count the longest continuous sequence of carbon atoms.

• Identify the carbon atoms with the highest atomic number.

What is the IUPAC name for a five-carbon alkane?

• hexane

• pentane

• butane

• propane

Explain the significance of prefixes in alkane nomenclature.

• Prefixes are significant in alkane nomenclature as they denote the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

• Prefixes determine the boiling point of alkane compounds.

• Prefixes are used to identify functional groups in alkanes.

• Prefixes indicate the molecular weight of alkanes.

What is the difference between a branched and a straight-chain alkane?

• Branched alkanes have side chains; straight-chain alkanes do not.

• Branched alkanes are always longer than straight-chain alkanes.

• Straight-chain alkanes have more hydrogen atoms than branched alkanes.

• Branched alkanes are less stable than straight-chain alkanes.

How do you name an alkane with a substituent?

• Name the alkane based on the longest chain and position of substituents.

• Name the alkane based on the number of carbon atoms only.

• Ignore the substituents and name the longest chain.

• Use the alphabetical order of substituents to name the alkane.

What is the common name for the alkane with three carbon atoms?

• butane

• propane

• pentane

• ethane

How does the structure of alkanes affect their physical properties?

• Alkanes are soluble in water regardless of their structure.

• The structure of alkanes only affects their color.

• Alkanes have no effect on physical properties.

• The structure of alkanes affects their physical properties by influencing boiling and melting points, solubility, and the strength of intermolecular forces.