WH Unit 1 The Age of Revolution

The belief that the ruler governs with the power of God and not of the governed is known as

• divine right of kings

• oligarchy

• democracy

• granted right of kings

Answer explanation

The belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from God, rather than from the people, is known as the divine right of kings. This concept asserts that monarchs are chosen by God and accountable only to Him.

What term represents the idea that rulers have total power?

• democracy

• oligarchy

• absolutism

• republic

Answer explanation

Absolutism is the term that signifies a political system where a ruler holds total power, often without legal or constitutional limitations. In contrast, democracy, oligarchy, and republic involve shared or limited power.

Which of the following was a goal of Peter the Great?

• reduce or eliminate European influence in Russia

• westernize Russia

• reduce the power of the leader and share it with the nobility

• decrease the Russian army

Answer explanation

Peter the Great aimed to westernize Russia by adopting European customs, technology, and governance practices, contrasting with the other options that suggest reducing influence or power.

The reign of Louis XIV was characterized by which of the following? (Choose 3)

• Louis XIV used wars to achieve his goals

• Louis XIV reduced the size of the army

• Louis XIV created a permanent army

• Louis XIV shared power with the nobles and allowed a system of checks and balances

• Louis XIV promoted the expansion of industry to create a favorable trade balance

Answer explanation

Louis XIV's rule was marked by military expansion, as he used wars to achieve his goals and established a standing army. He also promoted industry to enhance trade, reflecting his mercantilist policies.

Which of the following is a similarity between the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights?

• the documents were created in the same year

• both documents limit the power of the king

• the documents were written by the king

• both documents grant full equality to the people of England

Answer explanation

Both the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights were pivotal in limiting the power of the king, establishing the principle that the monarchy is not absolute and must respect certain rights and laws.

John Locke's ideas and arguments were used in the 18th century to do which of the following?

• enhance the power and influence of the pope in European governments

• support the divine right of kings and the absolutism that arose from it

• support the demands for constitutional governments

• support the concept of oligarchy

Answer explanation

John Locke's ideas emphasized natural rights and government by consent, which inspired demands for constitutional governments in the 1700s, contrasting with absolutism and the divine right of kings.

The main differences between the ideas of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are best described by which of the following statements?

• Locke supported the idea of a social contract and Rousseau did not

• Locke focused on subordinating the rights of the individual for the betterment of the community and Rousseau believed that the rights of an individual should be defended at all costs

• There were no significant differences between the ideas of the two men

• While Locke focused on the rights of individuals and the limitation of government, Rousseau focused on the concept of subordinating the rights of the individual for the betterment of the community

Answer explanation

The correct choice highlights that Locke emphasized individual rights and limiting government, while Rousseau advocated for subordinating individual rights for the community's benefit, showcasing their fundamental philosophical differences.

Thomas Hobbes believed that individuals were driven by which of the following motives to accept the idea of a social contract?

• a need for survival

• religious faith

• reason and intellect

• atheism

Answer explanation

Thomas Hobbes believed that individuals accepted the social contract primarily out of a need for survival, as they sought security and order in a chaotic world, making 'a need for survival' the correct choice.

Which of the following statements indicates that religion was a significant factor in the English Civil War and the Restoration?

• the Roundheads and the Cavaliers were on opposite sides of the war

• the Parliament retained most of its powers after the war

• the English Bill of Rights was adopted

• King James II placed Catholics in government positions

Answer explanation

King James II's decision to place Catholics in government positions highlighted the religious tensions of the time, as it alarmed Protestants and contributed to the conflicts during the English Civil War and the subsequent Restoration.

The main outcome of the English Civil War was

• England and Ireland became more united

• King Charles I was reaffirmed as the king

• King Charles was executed and temporarily England became a republic

• Oliver Cromwell was executed

Answer explanation

The English Civil War led to the execution of King Charles I in 1649, marking the end of the monarchy and the establishment of the Commonwealth, a republican form of government under Oliver Cromwell.