Who is considered the father of the classical school of criminology?

• Cesare Lombroso

• Jeremy Bentham

• Cesare Beccaria

• Emile Durkheim

What is the main focus of the classical model of criminology?

• Biological factors

• Psychological factors

• Free will and rational choice

• Social environment

According to the classical model, what is the primary purpose of punishment?

• Rehabilitation

• Retribution

• Deterrence

• Incapacitation

Which principle is central to the classical model of criminology?

• The pleasure-pain principle

• The principle of anomie

• The principle of social solidarity

• The principle of differential association

In the classical model, what is believed to be the cause of criminal behaviour?

• Genetic predisposition

• Irrational thinking

• Social inequality

• Rational calculation of benefits and costs

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the classical model of criminology?

• Emphasis on free will

• Focus on the individual

• Belief in the inherent goodness of people

• Use of proportionate punishment

What did Cesare Beccaria argue about the certainty of punishment?

• It is less important than the severity of punishment

• It is more important than the severity of punishment

• It should be avoided altogether

• It should be equal to the crime committed

Which of the following best describes the concept of "proportionality" in the classical model?

• Punishment should be as severe as possible

• Punishment should be based on the social status of the offender

• Punishment should be proportionate to the crime committed

• Punishment should be random to instil fear

What is the role of laws according to the classical model of criminology?

• To reflect the moral values of society

• To control the lower classes

• To provide a clear and predictable framework for behaviour

• To rehabilitate offenders

Which of the following is a criticism of the classical model of criminology?

• It overemphasises the role of social factors

• It ignores the role of free will

• It assumes all individuals are rational actors

• It focuses too much on rehabilitation