Rock Cycle and Scientific Responses Quiz

How many types of rocks are there?

• Two

• Three

• Four

• Five

Answer explanation

There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Each type is formed through different geological processes, making 'Three' the correct answer.

What gives each type of rock its distinctive properties?

• Their color

• Their size

• Their weight

• How they are created

Answer explanation

Each type of rock has distinctive properties based on how they are created. This includes their formation processes, such as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic, which influence their texture, mineral composition, and overall characteristics.

What does the term "sedimentary" refer to in rocks?

• Rocks formed from sediment

• Rocks formed from heat and pressure

• Rocks formed from cooled magma or lava

• Rocks formed from organic materials

Answer explanation

The term "sedimentary" refers to rocks formed from sediment, which are created through the accumulation and compaction of mineral and organic particles over time. This distinguishes them from igneous and metamorphic rocks.

What does the Latin word "ignis" mean?

• Water

• Earth

• Fire

• Air

Answer explanation

The Latin word "ignis" translates to "fire" in English. This makes "fire" the correct answer among the choices provided.

What is the term for molten rock beneath the Earth's surface?

• Lava

• Magma

• Sediment

• Ash

Answer explanation

The term for molten rock beneath the Earth's surface is magma. When it erupts onto the surface, it is called lava. Sediment and ash are different geological materials, making magma the correct choice.

What happens to lava when it is exposed to air and water?

• It evaporates

• It solidifies slowly

• It cools quickly

• It turns into gas

Answer explanation

When lava is exposed to air and water, it cools quickly due to the rapid heat loss. This rapid cooling causes the lava to solidify, forming solid rock. Therefore, the correct answer is that it cools quickly.

What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive rocks?

• Intrusive rocks form on the surface, extrusive rocks form below the surface

• Intrusive rocks form below the surface, extrusive rocks form on the surface

• Intrusive rocks cool quickly, extrusive rocks cool slowly

• Intrusive rocks are formed from lava, extrusive rocks are formed from magma

Answer explanation

Intrusive rocks form below the surface as magma cools slowly, while extrusive rocks form on the surface from lava that cools quickly. This distinction is crucial in understanding their formation and characteristics.

What type of rock is granite?

• Extrusive

• Intrusive

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

Answer explanation

Granite is classified as an intrusive rock because it forms from the slow crystallization of magma beneath the Earth's surface, allowing large crystals to develop. This distinguishes it from extrusive rocks, which cool quickly on the surface.

What type of rock is pumice?

• Intrusive

• Sedimentary

• Extrusive

• Metamorphic

Answer explanation

Pumice is an extrusive igneous rock formed from volcanic lava that cools quickly, trapping gas bubbles. This rapid cooling distinguishes it from intrusive rocks, which form from slower cooling beneath the Earth's surface.

Which rock forms with gas bubbles trapped within its structure?

• Granite

• Basalt

• Pumice

• Obsidian

Answer explanation

Pumice is a volcanic rock that forms when lava cools quickly and gas bubbles are trapped within it, giving it a light, porous texture. In contrast, granite, basalt, and obsidian do not typically contain gas bubbles.