etAP cell transport 9.4.25

Pathway of phagocytosis

• Membrane → Golgi → Rough ER

• Membrane → Golgi → Smooth ER

• Membrane → Lysosome

• Membrane → Rough ER

Answer explanation

Phagocyosis is cellular eating. After the food vacuole is formed from the phagocytosis, it will fuse with the lysosome for digestion.

Pathway to exocytosis

• Rough ER → Golgi → Membrane

• Rough ER → Lysosome → Membrane

• Smooth ER → Golgi → Membrane

• Smooth ER → Lysosome → Membrane

Answer explanation

The materials are synthesized by the ribosomes on the rough ER membrane. The materials are sorted and modified by the Golgi bodies. The materials are secreted by the transport vesicles fuses with the membrane.

Identify the three types of endocytosis.

• Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis and Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

• Pinocytosis, active transport, and passive transport
• Phagocytosis, osmosis, and Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

• Exocytosis, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoskeleton

Answer explanation

Endocytosis is bulk transport across the plasma membrane.

Phagocytosis – cellular eating, pseudopodia surround “food” to be engulfed by the cell

Pinocytosis – cellular drinking, cell “gulps” extracellular fluid and solutes it contains

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis – ligand binds to receptor causing invagination to move material across membrane

Secretion of proteins from rough ER is done by

• Exocytosis

• Facilitated Transport

• Simple Diffusion

Answer explanation

EXocytosis is the process of materials EXiting the cell. After the materials are made in the rough ER, they are sorted and modified in the Golgi, then released by fusing with the plasma membrane.

Sodium/potassium pump moving 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ into neuron (nervous cell).

Identify type of transport used.

• Active

• Facilitated

• Simple

Answer explanation

Sodium and potassium are charged which means they are polar. They are being "pumped" which means it is going against its concentration gradient which describes active transport.

Movement of oxygen from alveoli (lungs) into blood supply.

Identify type of transport used.

• Active

• Facilitated

• Simple

Answer explanation

Oxygen is small and nonpolar. This means that it is able to cross the plasma membrane without assistance. In addition, in the lungs the oxygen will be entering the blood supply so it will be moving down its concentration gradient.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Move glucose from GI tract into blood supply.

Identify type of transport used.

• Active

• Facilitated

• Simple

Answer explanation

Glucose is a polar substance. Due to its polar nature, it requires assistance to cross the membrane. If a protein is helping material to cross the membrane, this is considered facilitated diffusion.

Identify two components of active transport

• Transport proteins and ATP
• Diffusion and glucose
• Osmosis and proteins
• Facilitated transport and lipids

Answer explanation

Active transport moves materials against the concentration gradient.

Active transport requires use of ATP

Active transport requires a transport protein (traditionally a carrier protein)

Choose all the correctly defined processes.

• Phagocytosis – pseudopodia surround “food” to be engulfed by the cell

• Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis – ligand binds to receptor causing invagination to move material across membrane

• Pinocytosis - cell “gulps” extracellular fluid and solutes it contain

• Phagocytosis – pseudopodia surround “food” to be expelled by the cell

• Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis – ligand binds to receptor causing a channel protein to open

Living organisms use osmoregulation to balance solute and water concentrations in their cells, tissues and organs. Many marine organisms have internal solute concentrations that are similar to their environment. However, this is not typically true of freshwater and terrestrial (land) organisms. Select what is likely to happen to the cells of a freshwater plant if placed in a marine (ocean, sea) environment?

• The cells will die immediately.

• The cells will undergo plasmolysis.

• The cells will swell and become turgid (stiff).

• There will be no obvious change in the plant cells.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3