Unit 5 Review

What was Gelasius’s two-swords theory?

• The alliance between two kingdoms

• The use of two swords in medieval combat

• The separation of church and state

• The division of power between the church and the state

Why was Otto I the most effective ruler of Medieval Germany?

• He established a strong central government

• He promoted trade and commerce

• He was a great military leader

• He conquered all of Europe

How was the conflict between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV resolved?

• Through a military battle

• By the excommunication of Henry IV

• By the resignation of Pope Gregory VII

• Through a peace treaty

Explain the three main abuses that most distressed Church reformers.

• Corruption, nepotism, and simony

• Indulgences, nepotism, and clerical marriage

• Lay investiture, simony, and indulgences

• Simony, lay investiture, and clerical marriage

What were the effects of the Crusades?

• Decline of the feudal system

• All of the above

• Strengthening of the church

• Increased trade and cultural exchanges

How did trade and finance change in the period from 1000 to 1500?

• Trade and finance both declined

• Trade decreased and finance became unstable

• Trade remained the same but finance improved

• Trade increased and new financial practices emerged

How did the growth of towns hurt the feudal system?

• It led to the decline of the feudal system

• It increased the power of the nobles

• It had no impact on the feudal system

• It strengthened the feudal system

What was the primary purpose of the guilds in medieval Europe?

• To organize festivals

• To offer religious services

• To provide education

• To regulate trade and protect economic interests

What architectural style is know for its use of flying buttresses?

• Renaissance

• Gothic

• Romanesque

• Baroque

What role did Muslims play in Europe’s revival of learning?

• They introduced new agricultural techniques

• They led military campaigns in Europe

• They preserved and translated ancient Greek and Roman texts

• They built universities in Europe