FOE Chp. 3

Which educational philosophy focuses on developing intellect and cultural literacy through the great ideas of Western civilization?

• Progressivism

• Essentialism

• Perennialism

• Social Reconstructionism

Answer explanation

Perennialism emphasizes the importance of enduring ideas and cultural literacy, focusing on the great works of Western civilization to develop students' intellect and moral understanding.

Who is known as the father of progressivism in education?

• John Dewey

• Horace Mann

• Noah Webster

• Thomas Jefferson

Answer explanation

John Dewey is recognized as the father of progressivism in education due to his advocacy for experiential learning and democratic principles in schooling, which significantly influenced modern educational practices.

Which act required towns of fifty or more families to hire a schoolmaster to teach children basic literacy in Puritan Massachusetts?

• The Act of 1642

• The Morrill Act

• The Law of 1647

• The Freedmen's Bureau Act

Answer explanation

The Law of 1647, also known as the Old Deluder Satan Act, mandated that towns with fifty or more families hire a schoolmaster to ensure children learned basic literacy, reflecting the Puritan emphasis on education.

What was the primary purpose of the common school movement led by Horace Mann?

• To create vocational training programs

• To provide free elementary education to all students

• To establish private schools for the wealthy

• To promote religious education

Answer explanation

The common school movement, led by Horace Mann, aimed to provide free elementary education to all students, ensuring access to education regardless of socioeconomic status.

Which educational philosophy emphasizes real-world problem solving and individual development?

• Social Reconstructionism

• Perennialism

• Progressivism

• Essentialism

Answer explanation

Progressivism emphasizes real-world problem solving and individual development, focusing on experiential learning and adapting education to meet the needs of students, unlike the other philosophies listed.

What was the main goal of the Morrill Act of 1862?

• To create the Department of Education

• To establish Native American boarding schools

• To provide land for agricultural and mechanical colleges

• To fund public high schools

Answer explanation

The main goal of the Morrill Act of 1862 was to provide land for agricultural and mechanical colleges, promoting higher education in these fields to support the nation's development.

Which court case ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional?

• Brown v. Board of Education

• Milliken v. Bradley

• Sarah Roberts v. City of Boston

• Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer explanation

The court case Brown v. Board of Education (1954) ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, overturning the precedent set by Plessy v. Ferguson and declaring that "separate but equal" educational facilities are inherently unequal.

Who was a major advocate for industrial education for African Americans in the late 19th century?

• John Dewey

• Horace Mann

• W.E.B. Du Bois

• Booker T. Washington

Answer explanation

Booker T. Washington was a prominent advocate for industrial education for African Americans in the late 19th century, emphasizing vocational training as a means to achieve economic independence and social progress.

Which educational philosophy believes that schools should lead to collaborative change to develop a better society and enhance social justice?

• Social Reconstructionism

• Progressivism

• Essentialism

• Perennialism

Answer explanation

Social Reconstructionism advocates for education that promotes social change and justice, emphasizing the role of schools in creating a better society. This philosophy directly aligns with the goal of collaborative societal improvement.

What was the primary focus of the National Defense Education Act of 1958?

• To fund public high schools

• To create the Department of Education

• To establish vocational training programs

• To increase federal funding for math, science, and foreign languages

Answer explanation

The National Defense Education Act of 1958 primarily aimed to increase federal funding for education in math, science, and foreign languages to enhance national security and competitiveness during the Cold War.