Unit 1 AP

About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?

• carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen

• carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen

• oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium

• carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

• carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium

What is the approximate atomic mass of an atom with 16 neutrons, 15 protons, and 15 electrons?

• 15 daltons

• 16 daltons

• 30 daltons

• 31 daltons

• 46 daltons

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

The nucleus of a nitrogen atom contains 7 neutrons and 7 protons. Which of the following is a correct statement concerning nitrogen?

• The nitrogen atom has a mass number of approximately 7 daltons and an atomic mass of 14.

• The nitrogen atom has a mass number of approximately 14 daltons and an atomic mass of 7.

• The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic mass of 7 grams.

• The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 7 grams and an atomic number of 14.

• The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic mass of approximately 14 daltons.

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Calcium has an atomic number of 20 and an atomic mass of 40. Therefore, a calcium atom must have

• 20 protons.

• 40 electrons.

• 40 neutrons.

• A and B only

• A, B, and C

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Different atomic forms of an element contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. What are these different atomic forms called?

• ions

• isotopes

• neutronic atoms

• isomers

• radioactive atoms

How do isotopes of the same element differ from each other?

• number of protons

• number of electrons

• number of neutrons

• valence electron distribution

• amount of radioactivity

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the atoms described below?

• They are isomers.

• They are polymers.

• They are isotopes.

• They contain 1 and 3 protons, respectively.

• They each contain 1 neutron.

3H is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. One difference between hydrogen-1 (1H) and hydrogen-3 (3H) is that hydrogen-3 has

• one more neutron and one more proton than hydrogen-1.

• one more proton and one more electron than hydrogen-1.

• one more electron and one more neutron than hydrogen-1.

• two more neutrons than hydrogen-1.

• two more protons than hydrogen-1.

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Two isotopes of the same element will have different numbers of

• protons.

• neutrons.

• electrons.

• protons and neutrons.

Atoms whose outer electron shells contain eight electrons tend to

• form ionic bonds in aqueous solutions.

• form covalent bonds in aqueous solutions.

• be stable and chemically nonreactive, or inert.

• be unstable and chemically very reactive.

• be isotopes and very radioactive.

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