Understanding Non-Experimental Methodologies

What is a case study in psychological research?

• A method involving the manipulation of variables to determine cause and effect

• An in-depth analysis of an individual, group, or event

• A statistical technique for combining the findings from independent studies

• A method of observing subjects in their natural environment

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DOK Level 1: Recall

Which of the following best describes a correlation coefficient?

• A measure of the central tendency of a data set

• A numerical value that indicates the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables

• A statistical test used to determine the significance of a study

• A method for collecting qualitative data

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DOK Level 1: Recall

In a scatter plot showing a positive correlation, what trend would you expect to see?

• As one variable increases, the other variable decreases

• As one variable increases, the other variable also increases

• No discernible pattern between the variables

• Both variables remain constant

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

What is a potential issue with correlational studies that can affect the interpretation of results?

• They can establish causation

• They may have a directionality problem or third variable problem

• They always require a control group

• They are not useful for predicting relationships

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

What is the purpose of using a placebo in a control group?

• To ensure that participants are aware of the treatment they are receiving

• To eliminate the need for a control group

• To control for the effects of participants' expectations on the outcome

• To increase the sample size of the experimental group

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DOK Level 1: Recall

How does a double-blind procedure help in experimental research?

• It ensures that only the participants are unaware of the treatment they receive

• It prevents both the participants and the experimenters from knowing who receives the treatment

• It allows the experimenter to influence the results

• It is used only in qualitative research

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Which of the following is an example of a non-experimental methodology?

• Randomized controlled trial

• Naturalistic observation

• Laboratory experiment

• Field experiment

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DOK Level 1: Recall

What is the main difference between qualitative and quantitative measurement instruments in research?

• Qualitative instruments use numerical data, while quantitative instruments use descriptive data

• Qualitative instruments use descriptive data, while quantitative instruments use numerical data

• Both use numerical data

• Both use descriptive data

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DOK Level 1: Recall

• A weak positive relationship

• A strong negative relationship

• No relationship

• A strong positive relationship

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Why might a researcher choose to use a meta-analysis in psychological research?

• To conduct an in-depth study of a single case

• To combine data from multiple studies to identify overall trends

• To observe behavior in a natural setting

• To manipulate variables in a controlled environment

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept