5. Lenin

What does Marx believe is the driving force behind historical development?

• Technological advancements
• Class struggle
• Political revolutions
• Cultural evolution

Answer explanation

Marx theorized that the struggle between different classes is the fundamental force driving historical change.

According to Marx, how did the development of farming impact society?

• It improved the living conditions for all social classes.
• It established permanent property ownership and societal inequality.
• It created a greater sense of community.
• It led to the abolition of class distinctions.

Answer explanation

The introduction of farming shattered the initial equality, as land ownership led to power disparities.

What term does Marx use to refer to factory owners in capitalist society?

• Bourgeoisie
• Aristocrats
• Proletariat
• Peasants

Answer explanation

Marx refers to factory owners as the ‘bourgeoisie,’ contrasting them with the working class, the ‘proletariat.’

What does Marx predict will happen following the 'dictatorship of the proletariat'?

• Establishment of a classless society.
• Restoration of feudal systems.
• Renewed competition between classes.
• Return to capitalist ideals.

Answer explanation

Marx anticipated that after the dictatorship of the proletariat, society would ultimately evolve into a classless state.

What was a consequence of the Industrial Revolution according to Marx's theory?

• The empowerment of the proletariat.
• The rise of capitalist factory ownership.
• The creation of a middle class.
• The abolition of slavery worldwide.

Answer explanation

The Industrial Revolution led to the emergence of capitalist entrepreneurs who established control over production.

How did Marx view the relationship between production and class?

• The means of production define class relationships.
• All classes contribute equally to production.
• Class status is irrelevant in production.
• Technology determines class structure.

Answer explanation

Marx argued that a person's class is determined by their ownership or control over the means of production.

In Marx's theory, what results from competition among factories during capitalism?

• Increased worker wages.
• Equal distribution of wealth.
• A rise in small businesses.
• Formation of monopolies.

Answer explanation

Marx posited that competition would lead to monopolies, concentrating production and power in the hands of a few.

What is the significance of the 'proletariat' in Marx's theory?

• They are the ruling class that owns production.
• They benefit the most from capitalist society.
• They are the intellectual elite of society.
• They are the class that will eventually rise against the bourgeoisie.

Answer explanation

Marx believed that the proletariat would revolt against their exploitation by the bourgeoisie.

What did Lenin use to control opposition during his leadership?

• Negotiation and compromise
• Democratic elections
• Decentralized government practices
• Terror and propaganda

Answer explanation

Lenin utilized terror and propaganda to maintain control over opposition, reflecting a continuity in governance.

What was one of the main functions of the Cheka during Lenin's regime?

• Running social programs to support the population
• Delivering propaganda to the masses
• Conducting public trials for political opponents
• Victimizing individuals based on their ideology

Answer explanation

The Cheka focused on counterrevolutionaries and victimized individuals based on their beliefs, unlike previous secret police.