1.1. What were the effects of the Crimean War

What significant territorial change occurred as a result of the Treaty of Paris in 1856?

• Russia gained control over the Black Sea.
• The Ottoman Empire expanded into Russian territory.
• Russia annexed the Christian principalities.
• Russia lost a portion of Bessarabia to Moldavia.

Answer explanation

Russia had to cede a substantial portion of Bessarabia to Moldavia as part of the treaty.

Which of the following statements best describes the political outcome for Russia after the Crimean War?

• Russia formed new alliances with Western powers.
• Russia's international standing was diminished.
• Russia became a leading military power in Europe.
• Russia successfully established a navy in the Black Sea.

Answer explanation

The Treaty of Paris significantly reduced Russia's influence and standing internationally.

How did the Crimean War affect the ideological landscape within Russia?

• It led to a major ideological shift towards democracy.
• It ushered in new political ideologies opposing Orthodoxy.
• Autocracy remained unchanged in its central role.
• It resulted in the overthrow of autocracy.

Answer explanation

The ruling ideology of autocracy remained firmly in place following the Crimean War.

What was a key limitation imposed on Russia by the Treaty of Paris?

• Loss of diplomatic relations with the Ottoman Empire.
• Banning military enlistment from European nations.
• Restriction on maintaining a fleet in the Black Sea.
• Prohibition from engaging in trade with Europe.

Answer explanation

One of the most humiliating terms was that Russia was prohibited from maintaining a fleet in the Black Sea.

Which group represented the two main ideological strands within Russia after the Crimean War?

• Westernisers and Slavophiles.
• Revolutionaries and Nationalists.
• Liberals and Conservatives.
• Democrats and Monarchists.

Answer explanation

The ideological battle was mainly between the Westernisers, who favored reform, and the Slavophiles, who advocated for traditional Russian values.

What was one of the key terms concerning Christian subjects in the Ottoman Empire as dictated by the Treaty of Paris?

• European powers assumed responsibility for their protection.
• Russia could no longer trade with Christian nations.
• Russia would protect all Christian subjects.
• The Ottoman Empire would remove all Christian officials.

Answer explanation

The treaty mandated that the duty to protect Christian subjects in the Ottoman Empire be transferred to other European powers.

Which of the following best describes the long-term political focus of Russia following the Crimean War?

• Increased military presence along European borders.
• Partnerships with Western powers for modernization.
• Expansionist policies towards Europe.
• Internal focus rather than international competition.

Answer explanation

For the following 23 years, Russia's focus shifted to internal matters rather than engaging with Europe.

What major consequence did the Crimean War have on the balance of power in Europe?

• It demonstrated the industrial superiority of Britain and France.
• It led to the formation of a new alliance system.
• It affirmed Russia's dominance in Europe.
• It unified Europe against a common enemy.

Answer explanation

The war highlighted the inability of the Russian Empire to compete with the industrial might of Britain and France.

What ideology did Alexander II align with after the Crimean War?

• Marxists
• Westernisers
• Anarchists
• Slavophiles

Answer explanation

Alexander II initially sided with the reformist ideology of the liberals, reflecting a shift towards Westernisation.

What major reform was implemented following the Crimean War to address governance?

• Creation of the Duma
• Formation of the Constituent Assembly
• Instigation of constitutional monarchy
• Introduction of the zemstvo

Answer explanation

The zemstvo was introduced in 1864 to give local people a voice in governance and manage local affairs.