Unit 2: Solutes, Solvents, Solutions (7.6D)

What is the definition of a solvent in a solution?

• The substance that is dissolved in a solution

• The substance that dissolves the solute in a solution

• The solid part of a solution

• The gaseous part of a solution

Answer explanation

A solvent is defined as the substance that dissolves the solute in a solution. It is typically the component present in the greatest amount, allowing it to facilitate the dissolution process.

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TEKS.SCI.7.6D

DOK Level 1: Recall

Which of the following best describes a solute?

• The liquid that dissolves other substances

• The substance that is dissolved in a solution

• The gas that forms a solution

• The mixture of two liquids

Answer explanation

A solute is defined as the substance that is dissolved in a solution. In contrast, the solvent is the liquid that dissolves the solute. Therefore, the correct choice is 'The substance that is dissolved in a solution'.

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TEKS.SCI.7.6D

DOK Level 1: Recall

Identify the type of aqueous solution where the solute concentration is less than its solubility.

• Saturated solution

• Unsaturated solution

• Supersaturated solution

• Dilute solution

Answer explanation

An unsaturated solution is one where the solute concentration is below its solubility limit, meaning more solute can still be dissolved. In contrast, a saturated solution has reached its solubility limit.

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TEKS.SCI.7.6D

DOK Level 1: Recall

How does increasing the temperature generally affect the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent?

• Decreases solubility

• Increases solubility

• Has no effect

• Turns the solution into a gas

Answer explanation

Increasing the temperature generally increases the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent. This is because higher temperatures provide more energy, allowing solute particles to overcome intermolecular forces and dissolve more readily.

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TEKS.SCI.7.6D

DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Calculate the concentration of a solution if 10 grams of salt is dissolved in 100 mL of water. (Assume the density of water is 1 g/mL)

• 0.1 g/mL

• 0.2 g/mL

• 0.05 g/mL

• 0.01 g/mL

Answer explanation

To find the concentration, divide the mass of salt (10 g) by the volume of water (100 mL). This gives 10 g / 100 mL = 0.1 g/mL, which is the correct answer.

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TEKS.SCI.7.6D

DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

What happens to the concentration of a solution when more solvent is added?

• The concentration increases

• The concentration decreases

• The concentration remains the same

• The solution becomes saturated

Answer explanation

When more solvent is added to a solution, the amount of solute remains the same while the total volume increases. This results in a lower concentration of solute per unit volume, causing the concentration to decrease.

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TEKS.SCI.7.6D

DOK Level 1: Recall

Which of the following is an example of a saturated solution?

• A solution with undissolved solute at the bottom

• A solution with no visible solute

• A solution that can dissolve more solute

• A solution that is clear and colorless

Answer explanation

A saturated solution is one where no more solute can dissolve, which is indicated by the presence of undissolved solute at the bottom. The other options suggest either complete dissolution or the ability to dissolve more solute.

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TEKS.SCI.7.6D

DOK Level 1: Recall

If a solution is diluted by adding more solvent, what happens to the amount of solute?

• It increases

• It decreases

• It remains the same

• It doubles

Answer explanation

When a solution is diluted by adding more solvent, the amount of solute remains the same. Only the concentration of the solute decreases as the total volume of the solution increases.

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TEKS.SCI.7.6D

DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Which of the following describes a supersaturated solution?

• A solution that contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature

• A solution that contains less solute than it can hold

• A solution that is in equilibrium with undissolved solute

• A solution that is diluted

Answer explanation

A supersaturated solution contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature, making it unstable. The other options describe different types of solutions, not supersaturated ones.

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TEKS.SCI.7.6D

DOK Level 1: Recall

What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of gases in liquids?

• Solubility increases with temperature

• Solubility decreases with temperature

• Solubility remains constant

• Solubility doubles with temperature

Answer explanation

The solubility of gases in liquids decreases with increasing temperature. As temperature rises, gas molecules gain energy and escape from the liquid, leading to lower solubility.

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TEKS.SCI.7.6D

DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept