ChestertonCC - Geo - A Level - urban climate

Average annual air temperature in a city of one million people can be ___ higher than surrounding rural areas.

• 1°C

• 2°C

• 3°C

• 4°C

Average annual air temperature in urban areas is higher than nearby rural areas. This is the...

• urban heat island effect

• urban heat microclimate effect

• urban temperature microclimate

• city head island effect

Which of these is not a cause of urban heat islands?

• Many low albedo surfaces, like tarmac.

• High albedo surfaces, like glass, are vertical.

• Water quickly evaporates, an endothermic reaction.

• Factories and vehicles enhance the local greenhouse effect

There is a ___ chance of precipitation over urban areas.

Sort the statements into the correct order.

• urban heat island effect =

• warm air, including water vapour, rises rapidly =

• = more condensation

• = more clouds form

• = higher precipitation

Why is there a high chance of lightning over urban areas?

• Rapidly rising warm air splits raindrops in clouds, forming a positive charge in the clouds which discharges as lightning.

• Rapidly rising warm air merges raindrops in clouds, forming a positive charge in the clouds which discharges as lightning.

• Rapidly rising warm air splits raindrops in clouds, forming a negative charge in the clouds which discharges as lightning.

• Rapidly rising warm air merges raindrops in clouds, forming a negative charge in the clouds which discharges as lightning.

What is the Venturi effect?

• Wind speed increases in the narrow spaces between buildings.

• Wind speed decreases in the narrow spaces between buildings.

• High friction between buildings and the air lowers average wind speed in urban areas.

• Low friction between buildings and the air lowers average wind speed in urban areas.

In urban areas, some air does not rise enough before reaching a building, so is forced down. Meanwhile, after moving over a building, air close to the roof is suddenly pulled down. Both of these situations create ___.

Fog forms because hygroscopic nuclei, emitted by urban activities, trigger condensation close to the ground when there is high pressure.

• True

• False

Pollution = hygroscopic nuclei mixes with fog = thick, discoloured fog (smog).

• True

• False