LS 1.2 Cell Structures, Functions and Organic Molecules

A doctor sees a patient who has kidney failure, lack of motor coordination, and a poorly functioning nervous system. After testing, the doctor finds that these symptoms are all related to a chronic lack of energy in some of the patient's cells. The doctor diagnoses a metabolic disorder known as Leigh's disease.

Based on this evidence, a malfunction in what organelle is most likely responsible for Leigh's disease?

• Gogli apparatus

• nucleus

• ribosomes

• mitochondria

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and air occurs in the lungs. This exchange of gases takes place at the cellular level. What part of the cell is primarily responsible for this exchange (allow substances in and out of the cell)?

• the cell membrane i

• the nucleus

• the cell wall

• the ribosomes

Some cells, such as human nerve and muscle cells, contain many more mitochondria than do other cells, such as skin cells. Why do some cells have more mitochondria than others?

• The cells use more energy.

• The cells store more nutrients.

• The cells degrade more proteins.

• The cells divide more frequently.

Which two macromolecules are the main components of the cell membrane?

• nucleic acids and lipids

• carbohydrates and lipids

• lipids and proteins

• nucleic acids and lipids

Which organelle is shown below? It is primarily made of a phospholipid bilayer.

• cell wall

• chloroplast

• mitochondria

• plasma/cell membrane

Nerve cells are electrically excitable cells in the nervous system that function to process and transmit visual information to the brain. Based upon this information what two organic molecules are in abundance in nerve cells?

• nucleic acids and proteins

• carbohydrates and proteins

• lipids and carbohydrates

• proteins and lipids

How are the functions of lipids and carbohydrates different?

• One is a source of energy while the other is not.

• Both are replicated during meiosis.

• Both dissolve nutrients in the digestive system.

• One is a long-term energy source/storage while the other is a fast energy source.

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell?

• mitochondria

• ribosomes

• nucleus

• Golgi apparatus

What is the main function of the chloroplast in plant cells?

• Energy production through cellular respiration

• Photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy

• Protein synthesis

• Storage of genetic information

Which of the following macromolecules is primarily involved in the storage of genetic information?

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Nucleic acids

• Carbohydrates