Unit 1 and 2 Test redo

Which philosopher is most well known for theorizing that the mind at birth is tabula rasa or a "blank slate"?

• Plato

• John Locke

• Immanuel Kant

• René Descartes

• Aristotle

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. The first psychological laboratory was established by

• William James

• John Watson

• Wilhelm Wundt

• Sigmund Freud

• Jean Piaget

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of

• animal intelligence.

• personality development.

• learning and memory.

• reactions to sensory stimulation.

• association and generalization.

Who used the method of introspection to scientifically identify basic elements of mind?

• Aristotle

• John Locke

• Edward Titchener

• John Watson

• Socrates

The method of introspection was used by Titchener to identify.

• inherited traits

• learned responses

• maladaptive behaviors

• unconscious motives

• elements of sensory experience

Which psychologist was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology after Harvard University declined to give Mary Calkins the Ph.D.?

• Jean Piaget

• Francis Bacon

• Rosalie Rayner

• Mary Calkins

• Margaret Washburn

Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of

• conscious and unconscious mental activity.

• observable responses to the environment.

• behavior and mental processes.

• thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.

• maladaptive and adaptive behaviors.

Lissette wonders whether personality differences between her African-American and Asian-American friends result from biological or cultural influences. In this instance, Lissette is primarily concerned with the relative contributions of

• biology and cognition.

• nature and nurture.

• behavior and mental processes.

• conscious and unconscious thoughts.

• introspection versus structuralism.

The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to

• dismiss the value of replication.

• reject any ideas that cannot be scientifically tested.

• exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events.

• assume that correlation proves causation.

• overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions.

Our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates

• naturalistic observation.

• illusory correlation.

• overconfidence.

• the standard deviation.

• placebo.