Prep for Unit 1 and some of 2

a vast organization in which appointed officials carried out the empire's policies; centralized form of government

• imperial bureaucracy

• feudalism

• filial piety

• tribute system

civil service exams

• Civil service exams are only for teachers.
• Civil service exams are voluntary assessments.
• Civil service exams are tests for government job candidates.
• Civil service exams are only for private sector jobs.

1. What role did the civil service exam play in the Chinese government and social hierarchy?

• The civil service exam was primarily focused on physical strength and military skills.
• The civil service exam was abolished during the Ming dynasty, leading to a decline in social mobility.
• The civil service exam favored aristocratic families and maintained the existing social hierarchy.
• The civil service exam promoted meritocracy in government and allowed for social mobility, shaping the social hierarchy.

scholar gentry

• A religious sect in China.
• A political party in ancient China.
• A social class in China composed of educated landowners.
• A type of traditional Chinese clothing.

1. What was unique about the government of Song China? 

• The meritocratic civil service examination system.
• A lack of bureaucratic structure.
• The absence of a written examination system.
• A focus on hereditary rule.

syncretic system combining the rational thought with the more abstract ideas of Daoism and Buddhism

• Taoism
• Buddhism
• Neo-Confucianism
• Confucianism

confucianism

• A philosophical and ethical system based on the teachings of Confucius.
• A scientific theory explaining human behavior.
• A political ideology promoting democracy and freedom.
• A religious doctrine focused on rituals and worship.

1. How did Buddhism (and its various branches) influence East Asia?

• Buddhism was solely a political tool used by rulers in East Asia.
• Buddhism primarily influenced military strategies in East Asia.
• Buddhism had no impact on East Asian philosophy.
• Buddhism influenced East Asia by introducing spiritual concepts, shaping cultural practices, and inspiring art and architecture.

What role did Confucianism play in the governance of Song China?

• Confucianism provided the ideological foundation for governance, emphasizing meritocracy, moral integrity, and education in the civil service.
• Confucianism promoted a strict authoritarian rule without emphasis on education.
• Confucianism was primarily focused on religious rituals and had no impact on governance.
• Confucianism discouraged the use of merit-based systems in civil service appointments.

description of Buddhism

• Buddhism is a religion that worships multiple gods.
• Buddhism promotes the idea of eternal life after death.
• Buddhism is primarily focused on the accumulation of wealth and power.
• Buddhism is a spiritual tradition based on the teachings of the Buddha, focusing on the path to enlightenment and the cessation of suffering.