Civics: Presidential Democracy

This country was the ancient homelands of powerful African empires such as Ghana and Songhai.

• Ethiopia
• Nigeria
• Mali

Once at the crossroads of transafrican trade, today it is one of the poorest nations in the world.

• Niger
• Chad
• Burkina Faso

These two republics formed a loose federation in 2003 after persecution of Albanians in Kosovo.

• Serbia and Montenegro
• Croatia and Slovenia
• Bosnia and Herzegovina

This country gained its independence from France in 1958, ruled by a single Marxist party.

• Senegal
• Ivory Coast
• Guinea

This country's historic slave rebellion in 1804 helped gain its independence.

• Haiti
• Dominican Republic
• Jamaica

This country was one of the world's first big oil-producing regions in the 1870s, operating off of the Caspian Sea.

• Kazakhstan
• Iran
• Azerbaijan

This kingdom was first established in 681, with its Golden Age under Czar Simeon I.

• Byzantine Empire
• Bulgarian Empire

• Ottoman Empire

Legend has it that this West African country became a constitutional democracy in 1991.

• Nigeria
• Sierra Leone

• Senegal

Around the campfires of this Eastern Europe country, they sing of the reign of Marshall Tito, who kept the peace between Croatian, Bosniak-Muslims and Serbian population.

• Croatia
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Serbia

Known as the smallest Soviet state, they were one of the first republics to declare independence.

• Georgia
• Armenia

• Lithuania