Mechanisms of Evolution Vocabulary

1. An inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

• Fitness

• Evolution

• Adaptation

• Founder effect

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1.  Formation of a number of different species from a single common ancestor, often over a relatively short time span

• Convergent evolution

• Bottleneck effect

• Adaptive radiation

• Directional selection

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Selective breeding of organisms for traits chosen by humans

• Natural selection

• Artificial selection

• Disruptive selection

• Behavioral isolation

1. Reproductive isolation between populations due to differences in courtship or mating behavior

• Behavioral isolation

• Bottleneck effect

• Geographical isolation

• Temporal isolation

1. Process in which a large population declines in number, reducing genetic diversity

• Gene flow

• Stabilizing selection

• Founder effect

• Bottleneck effect

Process in which two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other

• Convergent evolution

• Coevolution

• Mutation

• Gene flow

1. Process by which distantly related organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments

• Convergent evolution

• Adaptive radiation

• Coevolution

• Gene frequency

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1.  Shift of a population toward one extreme of a beneficial trait

• Disruptive selection

• Stabilizing selection

• Directional selection

• Artificial selection

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1.  Process in which individuals with average traits are removed, creating two populations with extreme traits

• Disruptive selection

• Directional selection

• Stabilizing selection

• Temporal isolation

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Change in the gene pool of a population over time

• Fitness

• Trait

• Geographical isolation

• Evolution

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