Vitamins and Minerals Quiz

Vitamin A exists in plants in the form of retinol.

• True

• False

During intestinal absorption, β-carotene must undergo oxidative enzymatic cleavage of which bond to release ___ molecules of _____.

Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) can be made by irradiating phytosterols with UV light.

• True

• False

Which vitamin is most famous for fighting free radicals? ⚡

• Vitamin E

• Vitamin K

• Vitamin B12

• Vitamin D

Which vitamin exists in multiple oxidation states (flavoquinone, flavosemiquinone, flavohydroquinone), each with different colors?

• Vitamin B1

• Vitamin B2

• Vitamin D

• Vitamin K

If you peel fruits and veggies, which vitamins are most at risk of disappearing?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and fluoride (F) usually exist in foods as free ions.

• True

• False

Which mineral helps stabilize egg white foam during whipping, along with Fe³⁺?

• Calcium

• Copper

• Magnesium

• Zinc

Which compound strongly inhibits mineral absorption by chelating calcium, iron, and zinc in plants?

• Citrate

• Chloride

• Oxalate

• Phytate

• Bioavailability may be defined as the proportion of a nutrient in ingested food that is available for use in metabolic processes.

• Which has higher bioavailability: iron in meat or iron in soybean?

• Iron in meat

• Iron in soybean

• None

• Depends on cooking method

Answer explanation

Heme iron in meat is less affected by inhibitors (like phytates, oxalates, polyphenols).