BMS I Exam 2 Review 3

What is the primary function of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

• Convert glucose to pyruvate

• Convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

• Convert acetyl-CoA to citric acid

• Convert citrate to oxaloacetate

Which molecule inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

• Pyruvate

• Acetyl-CoA

• NADH

• Coenzyme A

Under what conditions does lactate typically form in muscles?

• During aerobic respiration

• During anaerobic glycolysis

• During the citric acid cycle

• During oxidative phosphorylation

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate?

• Lactate dehydrogenase

• Pyruvate kinase

• Phosphofructokinase-1

• Alanine transaminase

What is the main purpose of converting pyruvate to lactate in anaerobic conditions?

• To produce more ATP directly

• To regenerate NAD+ from NADH

• To produce acetyl-CoA

• To increase glycolysis

Where does lactate go after it is produced in muscles?

• It is used locally in the muscle for energy

• It is transported to the liver for conversion to glucose

• It is excreted as waste

• It is directly used in the citric acid cycle

What process in the liver converts lactate back to glucose?

• Glycolysis

• Gluconeogenesis

• The citric acid cycle

• Glycogenolysis

Which cycle involves the recycling of lactate between muscles and the liver?

• Urea cycle

• Cori cycle

• Krebs cycle

• Calvin cycle

What is a common condition associated with the accumulation of lactate in muscles?

• Muscle dystrophy

• Lactic acidosis

• Rhabdomyolysis

• Myasthenia gravis

What is the primary factor leading to the production of lactate during intense exercise?

• Low oxygen availability

• High glucose availability

• Increased ATP production

• Low pyruvate levels