2025 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

All of the following are functions of the heart EXCEPT:

• generation of blood pressure.
• ensuring one-way flow of blood.
• generation of the formed elements of the blood.
• regulation rate and force of blood delivery.
• distribution of oxygenated blood to tissues.

Which of these statements concerning the form and location of the heart is correct?

• The apex is the most superior part of the heart.
• The apex is directed to the left, and deep to the 5th intercostal space.
• The base of the heart is directed inferior and slightly posterior.
• The most superior part of the heart is deep to the 12th intercostal space.
• Both "The apex is the most superior part of the heart." and "The base of the heart is directed inferior and slightly posterior." are correct.

. The blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart tissue itself are the

• pulmonary veins.
• coronary arteries.
• coronary sinuses.
• pulmonary trunks.
• venae cavae.

Which of these statements about the coronary arteries is true?

• The left coronary artery supplies the anterior wall of the heart and most of the left ventricle.
• The right coronary artery supplies most of the right ventricle.
• Blood flow through the coronary arteries is greatest during ventricular diastole (relaxation).
• A heart attack occurs if a coronary artery is blocked.
• All of the choices are correct.

The right atrium

• is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart.
• prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
• prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
• prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.
• prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.

A large groove that runs around the heart, and separates the atria from the ventricles, is the

• anterior interventricular septum.
• posterior interventricular septum.
• coronary sinus.
• coronary sulcus.
• cardiac fissure.

Which of these valves is found between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

• Tricuspid valve
• Bicuspid (mitral) valve
• Aortic semilunar valve
• Pulmonary semilunar valve
• Interventricular septum

The bicuspid (mitral) valve

• is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart.
• prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
• prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
• prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.

The aortic semilunar valve

• is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart.
• prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
• prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
• prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.
• prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.

The pulmonary semilunar valve

• is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart.
• prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
• prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
• prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.
• prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.