Quiz on Christianity and Islam

What does the term "kalam" refer to in Islamic theology?

• Speech or discourse

• Law or practice

• Faith or belief

• Science or philosophy

What did the Mutazila believe about the Quran's creation?

• It was created by humans.

• It was created by God.

• It was uncreated.

• It was created by angels.

What did Al-Ashari maintain about God's universe?

• It was controlled by human actions.

• It was controlled by a transcendent, omnipotent God.

• It was predetermined by fate.

• It was irrelevant to human responsibility.

What was the result of Al-Ashari's theological synthesis?

• It was rejected by all Muslim scholars.

• It became a major stream of Sunni Islam.

• It was considered heretical by the Shafi'i law school.

• It was ignored by the Mutazila.

What did much of the Quran's reforms consist of?

• New laws

• Regulations or moral guidance

• Historical narratives

• Scientific discoveries

What is the role of consensus (ijma) in Islamic law?

• It is a personal opinion.

• It is a form of analogical reasoning.

• It serves as a check on individual opinions.

• It is a type of prayer.

What is an example of analogical deduction mentioned in the text?

• Determining the rate of stolen goods

• Calculating prayer times

• Writing religious poetry

• Building mosques

By which century was the basic development of Islamic law completed?

• 5th century

• 8th century

• 10th century

• 12th century

What did the general consensus (ijma) of Muslim jurists lead to?

• A complete rejection of tradition

• A comprehensive and satisfactory development of Islamic law

• A focus on economic laws

• A new form of prayer

What was the role of the law schools in the transformation of Sharia into a legal blueprint?

• Encouraging innovation

• Preserving tradition

• Promoting individual interpretation

• Rejecting consensus