Biology Chapter 2 Test

Which is an abiotic factor?

• a population of fungi on a rotting log

  
  

• a polar bear on an ice flow

  
  

• a forest of deciduous trees

  
  

• an ocean current of cold water

  
  

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What are the abiotic factors in this image?

• water, sunlight, dirt, air

• birds and plants

• birds, water, dirt

• plants, water

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Which is an example of predation?

• two rams fighting over females

  
  

• tick lodging in the skin of a wolf

  
  

• mallard duck eating aquatic invertebrates

  
  

• clownfish defending an anemone

  
  

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Which is an example of mutualism?

• crayfish and minnows resting under the same rock

  
  

• a peacock courting and mating with a peahen

  
  

• a fish protecting a shrimp, who builds a burrow for the pair to share

  
  

• two snake species with similar markings advertising their toxic venom

  
  

Cougars are predators that often eat weakened or diseased animals. This is a description of the __ of cougars.

• biological community

  
  

• niche

  
  

• habitat

  
  

• population

Referring to the image shown, the coyote would be considered which type of heterotroph?

• second-level consumer

  
  

• decomposer

  
  

• herbivore

  
  

• third-level consumer

  
  

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In the energy pyramid shown, which level represents the smallest biomass in the ecosystem?

• fox

• birds

• grasshoppers

• grass

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A tornado demolishes several miles of plants in a forest ecosystem. Analyze the drawing of the trophic levels in the ecosystem, then choose which answer best describes the impact of the tornado on the forest ecosystem's stability and flow of energy through the trophic levels of the ecosystem.

• The decrease in the plants will increase the amount of energy that moves from the primary producer trophic level to the primary consumer trophic level, increasing ecosystem stability.

  
  

• The decrease in the plants will disrupt the flow of energy through the ecosystem's trophic levels, creating an increase in ecosystem stability.

  
  

• The decrease in the plants will decrease the amount of energy that moves from the primary producer trophic level to all of the consumer trophic levels, decreasing ecosystem stability.

  
  

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Some birds, like brown-headed cowbirds, engage in what is called brood parasitism. Cowbirds lay their eggs in another kind of bird's nest. The other bird then spends energy and resources to raise the young cowbirds, and has less energy to spend on raising their own chicks. Which would likely be the effect of a decrease in cowbirds in a specific ecosystem?

• a decrease in the balance of the ecosystem

  
  

• a decrease in the number of insects that cowbirds eat

  
  

• a decrease in the number of insects that cowbirds eat

  
  

• a decrease in the number of other kinds of birds

  
  

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All the populations living in a pond would be an example of a/an _______.

• Ecosystem

• community

• population