Exploring Genetic Engineering Processes

What is genetic engineering?

• A process of natural selection

• A method to combine DNA from different organisms

• A way to clone animals

• A technique to grow plants faster

Why can DNA from different organisms be combined?

• Because all organisms are related

• Because all organisms have the same number of chromosomes

• Because the genetic code is universal

• Because DNA is identical in all species

What is the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

• To replicate DNA

• To transport DNA into cells

• To cut DNA at specific sequences

• To synthesize proteins

What are sticky ends?

• Enzymes that cut DNA

• Evenly cut DNA sequences

• Unevenly cut DNA sequences that can easily bind to other DNA

• Proteins that bind to DNA

Why is it important to use the same restriction enzyme on both DNA sources?

• To ensure the DNA fragments are the same length

• To create identical DNA sequences

• To produce the same sticky ends for binding

• To prevent DNA degradation

What is the process of inserting recombinant DNA into a bacterial cell called?

• Transformation

• Transcription

• Translation

• Translocation

Why are bacteria used to produce human insulin?

• Because they have a large number of chromosomes

• Because they can reproduce quickly and asexually

• Because they naturally produce insulin

• Because they are multicellular

What is a plasmid?

• A protein that binds to DNA

• An enzyme that cuts DNA

• A large circular chromosome in bacteria

• A small loop of DNA in bacteria

Which of the following is NOT an application of genetic engineering?

• Creating pesticide-resistant plants

• Producing bacteria that clean up toxic waste

• Making animals grow faster

• Producing proteins to dissolve blood clots

What is one benefit of using genetic engineering to produce human insulin?

• It creates bacterial insulin

• It allows for the production of large quantities of human insulin

• It makes insulin production more expensive

• It eliminates the need for insulin injections