The World in 1750 Comparison of Empires (Regents)

Political Structure- This Empire had a strong centralized government led by an emperor which ruled over a vast territory, which required a large administration split into several imperial ministries. The emperor controlled the various ministries and each ministry was run by government officials who were hired based on their knowledge and skills, or performance on civil service

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• Qing Dynasty

• Tokugawa Shogunate

• Ottoman Empire

• Mughal Empire

Political Structure- Strong central government led by a military ruler called a shogun with dynastic succession. The Daimyo (Military Lords) controlled fiefdoms and pledged their loyalty to the shogun. Overall it was a structured bureaucracy.

• Qing Dynasty

• Tokugawa Shogunate

• Ottoman Empire

• Mughal Empire

Political Structure- Sultans were in charge of the capital city and empire but were frequently overthrown. Leading to a civilian bureaucracy becoming stronger and led by powerful officials called viziers. The Sultans working with the Viziers created some level of stability in the vast empire.

• Qing Dynasty

• Tokugawa Shogunate

• Ottoman Empire

• Mughal Empire

Political Structure- A Muslim Dynasty that ruled over a majority Hindu population. They ruled with a policy of religious tolerance in order to maintain stability. The efficient leadership of Babur and his grandson along with a complex bureaucracy with provincial officials mansabdars helped to maintain that stability.

• Qing Dynasty

• Tokugawa Shogunate

• Ottoman Empire

• Mughal Empire

Economic System- The economic was based on farming and trade but was encourage by the government providing land and tax breaks. These incentives boosted agriculture and led to a population boom. Domestic trade increased during this period creating a wealthy and powerful merchant class. There was also Foreign trade driven by the European desire for Chinese goods.

• Qing Dynasty

• Tokugawa Shogunate

• Ottoman Empire

• Mughal Empire

Economic System- Agriculturally and commercially based. The daimyo directed resource from their provinces to the capital and oversaw taxation as well on behalf of the government.

• Qing Dynasty

• Tokugawa Shogunate

• Ottoman Empire

• Mughal Empire

Economic System- Tax system with provincial officials sending money back to the capital. Agriculture and trade fueled the economy. There were also special taxes based on the millet system.

• Qing Dynasty

• Tokugawa Shogunate

• Ottoman Empire

• Mughal Empire

Economic System- Agriculture and trade were the basis of the economy and benefited from the Muslim trade network in which India was at the center of a global market producing spices and textiles.

• Qing Dynasty

• Tokugawa Shogunate

• Ottoman Empire

• Mughal Empire

Military System- A multi-ethnic military system that was highly organized. Each unit was organized under a banner system and had a particular function such as taxation, recruiting soldiers, or defense. This government controlled the military by promising rewards such as land and income for good service.

• Qing Dynasty

• Tokugawa Shogunate

• Ottoman Empire

• Mughal Empire

Military System- Samurai were trained warriors and all had to pledge their loyalty to the shogun to maintain order. The military also worked to restrict foreign influence and trade.

• Qing Dynasty

• Tokugawa Shogunate

• Ottoman Empire

• Mughal Empire