Historical Thinking & Enlightenment Part 2

Which actions did Martin Luther take to help start the Protestant Reformation?

• He was excommunicated from the Church after he was charged with multiple offenses against its teachings.

• He nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the church in Wittenberg to start a debate about his complaints against the Church.

• He gained support for his reforms from religious leaders in other parts of Europe but German princes revolted against them.

According to John Calvin's teachings, how is salvation achieved?

• Through good works

• Through sacraments

• Through predestination

What did Galileo Galilei's ideas about the universe support?

• Ancient Roman ideas about Earth being the center of the universe.

• The Church's ideas, which were based on those of Ptolemy.

• Copernicus's idea about how Earth moves around the sun

• Provided Magellan's ideas that the Earth moves around the sun.

What is one way that the printing press affected the Protestant Reformation?

• It spread information that helped Reformation ideas to grow.

• It allowed the Catholic Church to spread its ideas.

• Allowed John Calvin and his followers to gloat about how amazing they were.

• It allowed people to spill the tea more and cause more drama.

The main authority prior to the Protestant Reformation was: _________.

• The Catholic Church

• The King

• The President

• Martin Luther

_________: In the Roman Catholic Church, pardon for sins committed during a person's lifetime.

• Theocracy

• Indulgences

• Diet

• Predestination

___________: A German monk and theologian who was the catalyst of the Protestant Reformation..Seeking to reform abuses within the Church, he challenged Church teachings with his 95 Theses. This led to his excommunication and the development of Lutheranism, the first of several Protestant sects.

• John Calvin

• Charles V

• Martin Luther

• Luther Vandross

________: The Holy Roman emperor during the time of Martin Luther's reformation efforts..A staunch Catholic, he rejected Luther's doctrines. The Protestant upheaval, along with political pressures, led him to voluntarily give up his throne to other family members.

• Martin Luther

• Isaac Newton

• Charles V

• Louis XVI

_________: Assembly or legislature.

• Heresy

• Diet

• Deacon

• Discrepancy

__________: A French theologian and lawyer. Influenced by the humanist philosophy of Erasmus, he became involved with the Protest movement while at the University of Paris. He later moved to Geneva, Switzerland, where he set up a theocracy and wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion. His interpretation of the Christian doctrine became a religious sect.

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Rene Descarte

• John Calvin

• Baron de Montesquieu