Understanding DNA Mutations and Their Effects

What is DNA often referred to as?

• The waste product of cells

• The building block of cells

• The energy source of cells

• The blueprint of life

What are mutations?

• Environmental changes

• Proteins in the body

• Newly formed cells

• Errors in DNA replication

What is the central dogma of genetics?

• Proteins are used as a template for DNA, which codes for RNA

• RNA is used as a template for DNA, which codes for proteins

• Proteins are used as a template for RNA, which codes for DNA

• DNA is used as a template for RNA, which codes for proteins

What can cause mutations besides DNA replication errors?

• Environmental factors

• Lack of exercise

• Poor diet

• Excessive sleep

In the cookie recipe analogy, what happens if you write down five tablespoons of sugar instead of one?

• The cookie will not bake

• The cookie will taste different

• The cookie will be inedible

• The cookie will be the same

What is a substitution mutation?

• Replacing one base with another

• Doubling the DNA sequence

• Adding an extra base

• Removing a base

What type of mutation creates a frame shift?

• Insertion

• Translocation

• Substitution

• Duplication

What is the result of a deletion mutation?

• A duplication

• A frame shift

• A translocation

• A substitution

What do mutations lead to in terms of RNA and proteins?

• Destruction of RNA and proteins

• No change in RNA and proteins

• Identical RNA and proteins

• Different RNA and slightly different proteins

What is the overall impact of mutations on organisms?

• They have no impact

• They always harm the organism

• They always benefit the organism

• They create slightly different organisms