Philosophy Unit 1 Vocabulary

the tendency to make estimates based on an earlier initial value.

• Anchoring Bias

• Bandwagon Fallacy

• Cognitive Bias

• Confirmation Bias

the fallacy that we ought to do something or believe something because many other people do or believe the same thing.

• Anchoring Bias

• Bandwagon Fallacy

• Cognitive Bias

• Confirmation Bias

a systematic pattern of reasoning that deviates from a rationally optimal or logical judgment based on available facts and probabilities.

• Anchoring Bias

• Bandwagon Fallacy

• Cognitive Bias

• Confirmation Bias

a systematic pattern of reasoning that deviates from a rationally optimal or logical judgment based on available facts and probabilities.

• Anchoring Bias

• Bandwagon Fallacy

• Cognitive Bias

• Confirmation Bias

a method of discovering truth that comes from dialogue and uses the exchange of different points of view to arrive at a position that is more likely to be true.

• Dialetic

• Heuristics

• Dunning Kruger Effect

• Gambler's Fallacy

the cognitive bias in which people with little expertise in a specific task rate their knowledge too highly relative to others with more knowledge.

• Dialetic

• Heuristics

• Dunning Kruger Effect

• Gambler's Fallacy

the reasoning that holds that if a chance event has happened less frequently in the recent past, it is more likely to happen in the near future (or vice versa).

• Dialetic

• Heuristics

• Dunning Kruger Effect

• Gambler's Fallacy

mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that provide a method of problem-solving that is not necessarily optimal but is efficient.

• Dialetic

• Heuristics

• Dunning Kruger Effect

• Gambler's Fallacy

the mental process that leads from one set of information (premises, data, or information) to another (a conclusion, construction, or projection).

• Inference

• Principle of Charity

• Representation

• Cognitive Biases

the interpretative principle that says a reader ought to interpret the author’s statements in the most rational and best possible way.

• Inference

• Principle of Charity

• Representation

• Cognitive Biases